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Science tests Mark scheme for Paper X National curriculum assessments Science tests Mark schemes Tests A and B, levels 3–52007 Sc KEY STAGE 2 LEVELS 3–5MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 1First published 2007 © Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 2007 ISBN 1-85838-892-9 Reproduction, storage, adaptation or translation, in any form or by any means, of this publication is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher, unless within the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Excerpts may be reproduced for the purpose of research, private study, criticism or review, or by educational institutions solely for educational purposes, without permission, providing full acknowledgement is given. Printed in Great Britain by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority under the authority and superintendence of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament. The Qualifications and Curriculum Authority is an exempt charity under Schedule 2 of the Charities Act 1993. Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 83 Piccadilly London W1J 8QA www.qca.org.uk QCA wishes to make its publications widely accessible. Please contact us if you have any specific accessibility requirements.MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 2
Marking the science tests As in 2006, external markers, employed by the external marking agencies under contract to QCA, will mark the test papers. The markers will follow the mark schemes in this booklet, which is supplied to teachers for information. This booklet contains the mark schemes for the levels 3–5 tests A and B. Level threshold tables will be posted on the NAA website (www.naa.org.uk/tests) on 25 June 2007. General guidance The structure of the mark schemes The marking information for each question is set out in the form of tables. The ‘question’ column on the left-hand side of each table provides a quick reference to the question number and question part. The‘mark’column gives the number of marks available for each question part. The ‘requirements’column may include three types of information: ■ a general statement describing what is required for the award of the mark ■ examples of specific creditworthy responses showing correct science ■ examples of creditworthy responses beyond the key stage 2 programme of study. The ‘allowable answers’column gives examples of allowable creditworthy responses, showing correct science which may not be as clearly expressed. The ‘additional guidance’column may include different types of information: ■ specific responses which are not creditworthy either because information from the question has been rephrased, or because the responses imply incorrect scientific knowledge ■ answers which are insufficient in themselves to gain credit, but are not incorrect science, and would therefore not lose credit if used with a correct response. Where two marks are available for a question which describes therelationship between two continuous variables, the following will apply: ■ twomarks will be awarded for a creditworthy general comparison of the variables in question, eg the biggerthe grains, the longerthe sugar takes to dissolve ■ onemark will be awarded for a pair of creditworthy specific comparisons, eg big grains dissolve slowlyand small grains dissolvefast ■ onemark will be awarded for a single creditworthy comparison, eg the biggest grains dissolve most slowly. Applying the mark schemes The mark schemes give scientifically correct answers to each question as well as providing guidance on, and examples of, other answers which are allowable. In cases of alternative wording or where an answer is drawn rather than written, external markers will exercise their professional judgement. 1MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 3
The pupil gives two or more responses to a particular question part. The pupil has not used ticks to indicate the correct response in a multiple-choice question. The pupil ticks more than the required number of boxes. In a planning question, no answer is given in the expected place but the correct answer is given in the drafting box. The pupil misspells a word.a) If a pupil qualifies a scientifically correct answer with a scientifically incorrect statement, no mark will be awarded for that question part. b) If a pupil qualifies a scientifically correct answer with an incorrect statement which is not relevant to the context of the question, the latter response is regarded as ‘neutral’ and the mark will be awarded. Any unambiguous positive indication of the correct answer will be accepted. Ticks take precedence over any other form of response. Therefore, when ticks and any other sort of response are given together, the boxes with ticks will be assumed to be the pupil’s response. If the correct boxes are left blank, no marks will be awarded. One mark will be deducted for each incorrect answer. Negative marks will not be awarded. Where a pupil has shown understanding of the question, the mark(s) will be given. a) If it is clear that the pupil has made a simple error, eg ‘tow’ for ‘two’ or ‘son’ for ‘sun’, then the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded. b) If a pupil misspells a word copied from the text of the question or from a selection given, and the new word does not have any inappropriate meaning, the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded. c) If specific scientific vocabulary is required in the answer, a creditworthy misspelling must be a phonetic equivalent of the required word, with the major syllables of the correct word represented in the answer. What if...?Marking procedure Recording marks awarded In the margin, alongside each question part, there is a mark box for each question part. Depending on the type of response made to each part of each question by the pupil, the external marker will put one of the following into each box: ‘1’ for an acceptable/allowable response ‘0’ for an incorrect response ‘–’ if no response is made. The number of marks gained on each double page will be written in the box at the bottom of the right-hand page. The total number of marks gained on each paper will be recorded on the front of the test paper, and on the marksheet. Each paper has the following number of marks available: ■ Test A has 40 ■ Test B has 40. The 2007 key stage 2 science tests and mark schemes were developed by the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) on behalf of QCA. 2 In order to ensure consistency of marking, the most frequent queries are listed below, with the action the marker will take.MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 4
Test A question 1: Conducting electricityAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that the bulb/lamp will light:■the bulb will light up■the lamp will turn on. Award TWOmarks for correctly classifying all fiveobjects: If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for correctly classifying any threeor fourobjects. 1a 4/1a 1/2c 1b 3/1c1m 2m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■the bulb will work■they can see if the light will go on.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■the object will light up■they will light up or move. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that does not fully describe the evidence that shows the electricity flows:■the circuit conducts electricity■electricity will flow around the circuit■if the object is metal. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that describes placing the clips together:■when they put the clips together the bulb will light up.Additional guidanceorWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.3Does the object conduct electricity? Object wooden ruler steel scissors sheet of paper rubber brass pinno yes no no yesMS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 3
Test A question 2: SweetsAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for indicating the amount of time planned for the investigation:■2 hours. Award ONEmark for recognising that the investigation took a different amount of time than planned:■the time he left the sweet■he did not leave it as long as he said he would■(he changed) the time (it took). Award ONEmark for a conclusion relating to dissolving which is consistent with the evidence:■the sweet has dissolved■the time taken for the sweet to dissolve was 20 minutes■the water got darker as the sweet dissolved. 2a 1/2a 2b 1/2d 1/1b 2c 1/2j1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■he left it for 20 minutes■he did not leave the sweet until 11.00■he ended his investigation at 9.20■the sweet took less time to dissolve (than he thought). ONEmark may be awarded for an observational response:■the sweet cannot be seen after 20 minutes■the water changed colour.Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■from 9 until 11. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■the temperature. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that describes the outcome rather than the change in the plan:■the sweet dissolved. Do not give credit for an insufficient response indicating Peter took photos:■he took some photos of the sweet. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science which goes beyond the evidence:■if you leave a sweet in your mouth it will melt■the sweet takes 2 hours to dissolve in 50cm3of cold water■the more you keep it in water, the more it dissolves■the sweet dissolved in his mouth. Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■it disappeared/ has gone■it could not have melted.Additional guidance4MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 4
Test A question 2: Sweets (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■a hot place 2d 1/2a1mAdditional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.5˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 5
Test A question 3: TeethAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■ten pupils. Award ONEmark for all fourcorrect bars shaded as shown below: Award ONEmark for oneother way of keeping teeth healthy:■brush her teeth (regularly)■do not brush teeth for too long/ too much/too often/too hard■get a new toothbrush (regularly)■visit the dentist (regularly)■(use a) toothpick/dental floss■(use fluoride) toothpaste■(use) mouthwash■do not drink so many fizzy drinks■do not eat lots of acidic foods■drink water/fluoridated water■eat lots of calcium-containing products/drink milk■eat a balanced diet■chew sugar-free gum. 3a 1/2i 3b 1/2h 3c 2/2a1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a way of preventing damage to teeth:■wear a gumshield when playing contact sport■do not smoke■she should not suck her thumb■wear a brace (if needed).Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not interpret the data given in the table:■Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science where any of the year 4 bars have been shaded. Do not give credit for an insufficient response where fewer than four of the year 6 bars have been shaded. Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■eat fewer sweets/sugary foods [given]■eat fruit/vegetables■chew gum.Additional guidance60 5 15 20 25MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 6
Test A question 3: Teeth (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for a description of the cutting action of incisors:■cut /slice (food). Award ONEmark for bothsentences correctly classified: Children lose their first teeth and grow new teeth.................Human teeth can reproduce.................3d 2/2a 3e 2/2a1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■chisel /chop /snip■rip /tear/shred /gnaw.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science identifying the function of molars:■crush/grind/chew. Do not give credit for an insufficient response identifying a function of all teeth:■grip/hold food■break up food■bite. Do not give credit for an insufficient response giving a physical difference between incisor and molar teeth:■incisor teeth are smaller (than molars)■incisor teeth have a flat front.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.Tr u e False 7MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 7
Test A question 4: Earth, Sun and MoonAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for all threeobjects correctly classified: Award ONEmark for an indication that they are spherical:■they are spheres. Award ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for:■The Moon orbits the Earth once every 27–30 days (inclusive)/month/four weeks. Award ONEmark for correctly estimating the time at place A on the globe as between 11.30am to 1.30pm inclusive:■midday/noon■12pm■12 o’clock. 4a 4/4a 1/2c 4b 4/4a 4c 4/4c 4d 4/4d 4e 4/4c1m 1m 1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■(like a) ball■3D circle. ONEmark may be awarded for:■31 days. ONEmark may be awarded for:■12am■12.Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■they are round/circles■(like a) melon/pea/poppy seed [given]. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that does not include units:■28. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■1am.Additional guidance8Object What it modelsmelonpea poppy seedEarth Sun Moonspin the Earth on its axis˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 8
Test A question 5: Keeping coolAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for:■melting■melt(s). Award ONEmark for:■The table shows that the ice is insulatedby the plastic bags so that the ice changes to water more slowly. Award ONEmark for:■ 0°C5a 1/2c 5b 3/2d 5c 3/1b 5d 3/2c1m 1m 1m 1mDo notgive credit for an insufficient response:■liquefies [describes the formation of a liquid, but this occurs with other processes as well].Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.9a prediction˝˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 9
Test A question 6: Straw soundsAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for twocorrect responses [given in either order]:■the straw/the cut (straw)■the air/wind. Award ONEmark for:■pitch. Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■frequency. Award ONEmark for an indication that a longer straw creates a lower note/sound, and/or a shorter straw creates a higher note/sound:■the longer the straw, the lower the note■it is higher when the straw is short■the longest straw makes the lowest noise. 6a 4/3e,g 6b 4/3f 6c 4/3f1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■plastic /paper■her mouth/lips. ONEmark may be awarded for:■a long straw makes a low sound■a short straw makes a high sound.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■breath/voice■bits you cut out■eardrum [does not vibrate to produce the sound]■sound/air waves■blowing. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that is a restatement or repetition of the first. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■volume. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■tone [refers to the quality of the sound]■note [may refer to duration or pitch of sound]. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■the longer the straw, the louder/softer the sound■the longer the straw, the longer the note.Additional guidance10MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 10
Test A question 6: Straw sounds (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that different people will blow in different ways:■they will not know if their results are caused by the length of the straw or by the way each person blew■some people might blow harder than others■they will not all blow the same■they might blow at different speeds. Award ONEmark for an indication that one person might blow differently each time:■one person will not be able to blow exactly the same each time■they might blow harder on some straws than others. 6d i 1/2d 6d ii 1/2d1m 1mDo notgive credit for an insufficient response that refers to the independent variable:■the straws are all different lengths. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response referring only to breathing, not to air entering the straw:■different people have different breathing■people breathe at different times. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response referring to the amount of time that an individual blows in the straw:■they can blow for different lengths of time. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that refers to the independent variable:■the straws are all different lengths. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response referring only to breathing, not to the air entering the straw:■she might run out of breath■she might breathe differently each time. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response referring to the amount of time the individual blows:■she might not be able to blow for as long into the last straw.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.11MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 11
Test A question 7: SeedlingsAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■condensation. Award ONEmark for a response indicating that food for growth is produced in the leaves:■leaves. Award ONEmark for an understanding that (young) plants need light when they start to grow:■because the (young) plants need light■because growing plants need light (to make food)■plants use light to make food. Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■to photosynthesise. 7a 3/2d,e 7b 2/3b 7c 2/3a1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response that acknowledges that food for growth is produced (to a lesser extent) in other green parts of the plant:■stem/stalk. ONEmark may be awarded for a response that describes light going through the clear plastic, but does not indicate that the plant uses/needs it:■because it lets light in■light goes through the clear plastic■so the (sun)light goes through■so the plant gets light. ONEmark may be awarded for:■for (sun)light■light.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that describes condensation:■the water vapour turns back to liquid when it cools down■liquidisation/liquidising. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■roots■flowers/petals. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■so the seeds can see the light■so it can get food from the light. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■so the seedlings can grow■to keep it warm■so you can see through it to check them.Additional guidance12MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 12
Test A question 7: Seedlings (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that the roots take up/soak up water and/or minerals:■the roots absorb water/minerals■they take up moisture. 7d 2/3c1mONEmark may be awarded for:■the roots absorb/get nutrients■they carry water■they drain/take/draw water from the soil.Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science indicating that the root gives the young plant food:■they take/send up/bring it food■they feed it■they gather/absorb food. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science indicating an active anthropomorphic mechanism:■the roots collect/gather/drink/suck/pull up water. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response indicating a supporting function in which anchoring works in conjuction with the stem:■the roots keep the plant upright. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that implies the roots anchor the plant to the ground:■they hold it in the ground [given]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where ‘goodness’ is used in place of ‘nutrients’, ‘water’ or ‘minerals’:■they take up goodness. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not recognise the role of the roots:■nutrients/moisture (in the soil).Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.13MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 13
Test A question 8: Remote controlAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for drawing a bar to 8 steps for the tracing paper: Award ONEmark for an indication that the book is thicker than the other materials being tested:■the other materials are thinner than the book■it has more layers (than the others). Award ONEmark for:■his steps are bigger 8a 1/2h 8b 1/2d 8c 1/2m 1/2d1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a bar drawn between 7.5 and 10 steps exclusively. ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating that the book is made of more than one material. ONEmark may be awarded for an absolute response:■the book is (too) thick.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science drawing a bar to 8 steps at the positions for the foil or the book. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response indicating another property of the book that is different:■it is hard/heavy.Additional guidance14˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 14
Test A question 8: Remote control (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that Ruth should measure the distance in standardised units:■she could use a tape measure /metre ruler■she should measure in cm. Award ONEmark for a response that identifies the relationship between the transparency/opacity of the materials and how well the remote works:■the remote did not work with foil and that is opaque■light passes through the clear plastic bag and the clear plastic bag let the remote control work from a long way away■the remote did not work with foil because foil will not let light through■the more transparent the material, the better the remote works■materials that let more light through will turn the TV on from further away. 8d 1/2m 8e 1/1a 4/3b1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating that Ruth should measure the distance or make sure each step is an equal distance:■she can measure how far back she goes■she can make sure her steps are the same size. ONEmark may be awarded for an indication that repeating the test will improve accuracy orallow Ruth to find out an average. ONEmark may be awarded for a response that indicates transparent materials have the most steps (before the remote stops working) orthat opaque materials did not work with any steps:■the objects with 0 steps were all opaque■all the materials that let light through allow more steps■the bag is see-through and took 25 steps until the TV switched off.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■make it a fair test■she makes sure everything has the same thickness (so it is a fair test)■replace the batteries each time■measure the thickness of the materials [ensures the test is fair, not accurate]■check her results [does not necessarily imply the test is repeated]■make sure her steps are the same [could refer to the number of steps rather than the size]■go back the same distance. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science referring to the thickness of the materials:■the clear plastic bag is thin so light can shine through it [transparency is not dependent on the thickness of the material]. Do not give credit for a response describing the transparency of one (or more) of the objects without stating the effect on the remote control:■the clear plastic bag is transparent (and foil is opaque)■when the book was in front of the remote it blocked the light. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that correctly identifies how well the remote works with one (or more) of the objects without relating this to the transparency of the object:■the remote control did not work with foil.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.15MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 15
Test A question 9: YeastAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■dissolving■dissolves. Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■a solution■it is a solute. Award ONEmark for classifying all three statements correctly: A gas is produced by the yeast. ........... A reversible change has happened............ The balloon is flexible. ........... Award TWOmarks for a general comparison describing the relationship between the temperatureof the water and the time takenfor the balloon to stand up:■the higher the temperature, the less time it takes for the balloon to rise■the lower the temperature, the longer it takes for the balloon to stand up. If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for two specific comparisons describing the relationship:■a high temperature took a short time and a low temperature took a long time for the balloon to stand. 9a 3/2a 9b 3/2f 9c 1/2j1m 1m 2m 1mMarks may be awarded for responses giving the relationship between the temperature of the water and the effect on the time taken for the balloon to stand up:■the warmer the water, the quicker the balloon rises■the hotter the water, the quicker gas was produced.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■it sinks to the bottom■mixing [given]. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science suggesting that the yeast rises:■the hotter the water the quicker the yeast rises. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science, changing one or both variables:■the hotter the water, the smaller the balloon■the hotter the water, the shorter time the balloon stays up for.Additional guidanceor16(continued) (continued)Tr u e False Tr u eMS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 16
Test A question 9: Yeast (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for a single comparison of the variables:■a hot temperature made the balloon stand up in a short time■the balloon took a long time to stand up when the temperature was low. Award ONEmark for:■no AND a response explaining that the mixtures at 20ºC and 30ºC did not cause the balloon to stand up most quickly:■the balloon blew up more quickly at 50ºC■the balloon blew up faster at a higher temperature than 20ºC or 30ºC■it took longer for gas to be produced at 20ºC and 30ºC than at 50ºC. 9c (continued) 9d 1/2k1mAward ONEmark for:■no AND a response indicating that the yeast works quickest at 50ºC or at a higher temperature than 20ºC or 30ºC:■it works quickest at 50ºC■at 30ºC it took 16 minutes but it only took 4 minutes at 50ºC. ONEmark may be awarded if neither box is ticked but a creditworthy explanation indicates that the pupil believes the information from the cook book is not supported by the results of the investigation.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not interpret the results:■at 3°C it took 52 minutes, and at 50°C it took 4 minutes. Do notgive credit if the ‘yes’ box is ticked. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that gives a continuous variable relationship between the time to stand up and the temperature of the water:■the hotter the water, the quicker it takes to stand [does not give examples from the results]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that only restates the results in the table:■I know this because it was 4 mins at 50°C, 18 mins at 20°C and 16 mins at 30°C. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■it is easier at higher temperatures [it is ambiguous as to what easier refers to]■it is best at 50°C [best must be defined].Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.17˝˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 17
Test B question 1: Medicines and drugsAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that plastic is less likely to break than glass or that plastic is lighter than glass:■if the bottle is dropped, plastic will not break, but glass may■plastic is lighter. Give creditfor a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■glass is more brittle■plastic is less dense. Award ONEmark for all three statements correct:Medicines are not drugs because all drugs are harmful. ............ Medicines can have bad effects on humans. ............ If you eat a balanced diet, you will never need to take medicine. ............1a 3/1a 1b 2/2g1m 1mONE mark may be awarded for an absolute response:■plastic will not break■plastic is a light material. ONE mark may be awarded for a response that describes a consequence of plastic being lighter/less likely to break:■plastic bottles are easier to transport. ONE mark may be awarded for:■plastic is cheaper.Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■plastic is stronger [the plastic may not be stronger]■plastic is better■plastic is brown■it can be recycled. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that implicitly refers to glass:■it will break/smash.Additional guidance18 False Tr u e FalseMS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 18
Test B question 2: Water cycleAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for correctly completing both rows of the table: Award ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for an indication that the rain will become solid or will change to snow or hail:■it will freeze■it will turn into snow/hail/ice■it will solidify. 2a 3/2d 2b 3/2e 2c 3/2b1m 1m 1mDo notgive credit for an insufficient response:■the rain/water will cool down [given]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that is ambiguous:■the water becomes hard.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.193Is the change reversible?Changeevaporation condensationyes yes˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 19
Test B question 3: MagnetsAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for eitherof the following:■iron or■steel. Give creditfor a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■nickel■cobalt■nickel/cobalt/iron/steel alloys. Award ONEmark for a correctly drawn bar to 60 pieces of paper for magnet C: 3a 4/2a 3b 1/2h1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for an unambiguous indication of 60 pieces of paper for magnet C, such as a line drawn at 60. ONEmark may be awarded for a bar that is drawn no more than 2mm above or below the line indicating 60 pieces of paper.Do not give credit for an insufficient response that does not name a metal:■a magnetic metal■a metal that is attracted to a magnet.Additional guidance20MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 20
Test B question 3: Magnets (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for: ■D Award ONEmark for an indication that the strongest magnet has the most pieces of paper between the magnet and the nail:■magnet D worked through the most pieces of paper■magnet D/it had 100 pieces of paper which was more than all the others■the stronger the magnet the more pieces of paper between the magnet and the nail. 3c i 1/2j 3c ii 1/2j1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response that recognises that the strongest magnet attracts the nail through 100 pieces of paper but does not explicitly say this was the largest amount of paper:■(it held) 100 pieces of paper.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where the highest bar on the chart is not interpreted to mean largest amount of paper:■the bigger the result on the chart, the stronger the magnet■the bar is highest■the number is more■it went up to 100. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■the number of pieces of paper tells you.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.21˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 21
Test B question 4: Solids, liquids and gasesAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for all threeparts of the bottle labelled correctly: Award ONEmark for: Award ONEmark for: 4a 3/1e 4b 1/2l 4c 3/2b,d1m 1m 1mDo not give credit for an insufficient response that does not identify each child but only gives the correct times taken to smell the varnish:Additional guidance22solid gas liquid51220icewaterwater vapoursolidliquidgasBCAMS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 22
Test B question 4: Solids, liquids and gases (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward TWOmarks for all fourrows correctly completed: If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for any twoor three rows correct. 4d 3/1e 3/2d2m 1mAdditional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.23QuestionWhich forms during evaporation? Which keeps its own shape? Which forms during condensation? Which spreads out to fill any sized container?SolidLiquidGas˝ ˝ ˝ ˝orMS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 23
Test B question 5: Sea turtlesAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■reproduction Award ONEmark for a response that indicates the predators will find it more difficult to see the turtles:■it is dark so predators are less likely to see them■they are hidden (by the darkness)■they cannot be seen. Award ONEmark for twolines (with or without correct arrowheads) showing the correct path of light. The lines must go from the Moon to the sea and from the sea to the turtle’s eyes/body: (continued) 5a 2/1a 5b 2/5b 4/3d 5c i 4/3c 4/3a,d1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response implying the predators will not be present for the hatching:■the predators are asleep■the predators will come in the morning. ONEmark may be awarded for one continuous reflected or curved line even if the arrowhead is incorrect or missing: (continued)Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■they will not get eaten [given]■because it is dark [given]■predators will not hunt them. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where only one line is drawn: (continued)Additional guidance24˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 24
Test B question 5: Sea turtles (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for twoarrowheads showing the direction of light travel from the Moon to the sea and from the sea to the turtle: Award ONEmark for bothcorrect boxes ticked:■ ■5c ii 4/3d 4/3a,c 5d 2/5a1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a correct arrowhead on a continuous reflected line:Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where the direction of travel is shown only by one non-reflected arrow:Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.25turn off street lights in towns stop cars driving near the beach˝ ˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 25
Test B question 6: Tree shadowAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for: Award ONEmark for an awareness that light cannot pass through the tree. The response must make reference to the blocked light or opacity:■the tree is opaque■the light cannot pass through the tree■the tree stops / blocks the light■the light is blocked. Award ONEmark for:■6a 4/3a,b 6b 4/3b 6c 4/4b,c1m 1m 1mDo notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not necessarily explain shadow formation:■the light goes round the tree■light travels in straight lines■the light cannot get past the tree [it passes on either side]■the tree is solid [a solid object can be transparent]■the tree is in the way of the light [does not necessarily mean it is blocking the light]■light cannot get behind the tree■the sun cannot get through the tree [does not refer to light].Additional guidance26The Earth spins on its axis.˝ ˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 26
Test B question 6: Tree shadow (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that the Sun has set:■the Sun has set■it is night (time)■the Earth has rotated and now the Sun is below the horizon. Award ONEmark for any time between 12.45pm and 1.15pm inclusive:■1pm. 6d 4/4b,c 1/2l 6e 1/2j1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■the Sun has gone down/in■there is a cloud in front of the Sun■there is no Sun shining■shadows only form when there is light■it is too dark (for a shadow to form)■there is no light (to form a shadow). ONEmark may be awarded for a correct response that does not agree with the ‘pm’ units:■13:10 [given in 24-hour time]■1 o’clock.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science indicating explicitly that the Sun moves or has disappeared:■the Sun has moved away■there is no Sun. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■the Earth has spun/rotated around [it may have spun completely around]■the Moon is out■it was too late.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.27MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 27
Test B question 7: Travelling soundsAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for identifying the number of materials tested:■3. Award ONEmark for identifying the dependent variable (DV):■whether or not the sound could be heard (through the cups)■whether the sound travels through different materials■the volume of the sound■how much sound could be heard■if she could hear them. Award TWOmarks for identifying any twoof the independent variables (IV) in the investigation:■the length (of cotton, nylon and wire)■the type of material/string/line. If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for identifying any one IV in the investigation. 7a 1/2j 7b 1/2d 7c 1/2d1m 1m 2m 1mONE mark may be awarded for:■sound■I can hear you■hearing (sound). Marks may be awarded for:■materials/fabric■amount of material.Do not give credit for an insufficient response that names the three materials:■cotton, nylon, wire. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science implying another factor has been measured:■plastic cups■materials. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that identifies a question for an alternative investigation:■which material does the sound travel through?■how long does it take to hear the sound? Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■the sound■the line [could refer to length or tightness]■the cups■tightness/looseness/straightness [given]■thickness. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that identifies a factor Jill may have changed but did not record in her notes:■volume■amount of sound. Do not give credit for a second response that is a restatement or repetition of the first.Additional guidanceor28MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 28
Test B question 7: Travelling sounds (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for recognising the importance of varying only the IV:■so you would know which factor had an effect■because she would not know what had an effect■if you change everything it will not be a fair test■to make the test fair■so you can compare the results. Award ONEmark for a response recognising that the results are not referred to or interpreted:■she has not talked about what she has found out / what happened /her results■it does not explain what was compared■it does not mention the results. 7d 1/2a 7e 1/2j1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■so you know which one is best■the other things might influence the results■so you can see which one works■so you can make sure your conclusion is true. ONEmark may be awarded for a response which implies there is not enough information or recognises that ‘best’ is not defined:■it does not tell us why (it is best)■there is not enough detail■no information■she needs more information■there is no evidence. ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating that the conclusion does not describe or interpret all the results of the investigation:■it does not tell you about wire or nylon■she can hear through two of them■wire worked too.Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■so you do not get confused/mixed up■so it does not get too complicated■so it is not a fair test. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that refers to the accuracy of the results:■to get the correct results■so you can have the right result■in case you make a mistake■you might go wrong■so you can be accurate. Do not give credit for an insufficient response stating a conclusion:■cotton was the best material for sound to travel through. Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■there are no scientific words in it■it was very short■it is just an opinion. Do not give credit for an insufficient response indicating that the initial investigation was flawed:■she changed three things instead of one.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.29MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 29
Test B question 8: Space stationAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that exercise improves/maintains the fitness and/or the health of the astronauts:■to exercise their muscles■to keep them healthy/fit. Give creditfor a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■to maintain bone density/thickness■to stop their bones going weak■to stop them getting blood clots■to improve their circulation/heart. Award ONEmark for an indication that gravitational attraction/weight pulls the crumbs to the ground:■gravity pulls the crumbs to the ground (on Earth)■the pull of gravity is stronger than in space■because the crumbs weigh more on Earth. Award ONEmark for bothstatements correctly classified: Dried food is better than fresh food to take into space because it... weighs more. ............ decays more slowly............. 8a 2/2h 8b 4/2b 1/2l 8c 1/2l 2/5f1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■to keep/make their legs strong■so they do not gain much weight / fat■so they do not become weak. ONEmark may be awarded for:■(because of) gravity/weight■crumbs are pulled to the ground/Earth.Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■they are weightless■there is no gravity (in space) [technically there is gravity in space and these responses do not explain why astronauts need to exercise]■so they are ready to go into space■so they are thin/they need to be thin. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■gravity pushes down on Earth. Do not give credit for an insufficient response which is technically wrong:■there is no gravity in space.Additional guidance30 Tr u e FalseMS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 30
Test B question 8: Space station (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for:■water and nutrients Award ONEmark for a response indicating that the root anchors the plant in the soil:■the roots anchor the plant■they hold it in place. 8d 2/3a 8e 2/3c1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating a supporting function of the roots which may work in conjunction with the stem:■they support/stabilise the plant■they hold/keep the plant down/in place■they make the plant stand straight/ upright. ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating that the roots could store water:■the roots can hold water for the plant when it is dry.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■the roots take up food. Do not give credit for an insufficient response indicating that roots absorb water/nutrients from the soil.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.31˝MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 31
Test B question 9: PeriwinklesAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for a response giving a difference between the shells of the two periwinkles:■A is a lighter /different colour■the shape (of shell)■the spirals are in different places on the shells. Award ONEmark for a response that indicates the shell protects or supports the periwinkle’s body:■the shell protects the periwinkle■it supports the periwinkle. Award ONEmark for a response that indicates an average size is needed or that the reliability of his results/test/ conclusions will be improved:■if he measures only one or two shells, they may be smaller than the average■because if he only measured one /a few periwinkle shells it /they might be bigger than the others and then his results will be useless■to check the results. 9a 1/2f 9b 2/2e 2/5b 9c 1/2g1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response that refers to shell A as ‘it’:■it has a lighter shell. ONEmark may be awarded for:■it stops the periwinkle drying out■it keeps the periwinkle safe■it shelters the periwinkle■it helps them to hide (from predators). ONEmark may be awarded for indicating why it is useful to have a shell that is hard or difficult to break and implies protection:■the shell will not break when a crab tries to crack it open. ONEmark may be awarded for a response that indicates there is a variation in (the size/type of) the periwinkle shells in each area:■to see if they are all different /all the same (size or age)■there may be more than one type of periwinkle. ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating that the accuracy of the test would improve:■the average will be more accurate.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not describe how the shells are different:■it is a different size [given]■it is a different type (of shell). Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that is correct for shell B but does not explicitly refer to shell B:■it has a darker shell. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■it helps the periwinkle to move [given that it does not]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■the shell/it is hard/keeps it warm■it cannot break easily [gives only a property of the shell]■the shell is the periwinkle’s house■so the periwinkle does not get wet/rained on. Do notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■to make the results different. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response indicating that the shells from one place should be the same:■to make sure they are the same. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■to get the right/correct results■to see if the periwinkles in the different areas are different.Additional guidance32MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 32
Test B question 9: Periwinkles (continued)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAward ONEmark for an indication that the periwinkles may not be able to survive in a different place:■the periwinkles may not be adapted/ suited to living in a different place■the periwinkles may not live if they are put somewhere new. Give creditfor a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study, implying that an environment will be adversely affected by the introduction of a new species:■it may deplete the environment / food chain of existing organisms. Award ONEmark for an indication that (some of) the rockpool water has evaporated:■some of the water/ it evaporated■the water has changed to water vapour. 9d 2/5a 9e 3/2d 1/2l1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■so they do not die■they will be safer in their own habitat■they are used to their habitat/home/ where they live■it is their habitat■the conditions could be different.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■it is cruel not to put them back [does not explain why it is cruel]■it is where they live [given]■it is their home■it is where their family is■so they do not get lost■because they will die [need to qualify]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response indicating that the water has leaked or seeped out of the pool [given that it has not]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■there is less water■the water is lower■the crab drank it.Additional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.33MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 33
29 Bolton Street London W1J 8BT Telephone: 08700 60 60 40 Minicom: 020 7509 6546 Fax: 020 7509 5908 Email: tests@naa.org.uk Website: www.naa.org.uk/tests For more copies QCA Orderline, PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN Tel: 08700 60 60 15 Fax: 08700 60 60 17 Email: orderline@qca.org.uk QCA/06/2795 275366MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366.qxp 31/1/07 4:46 pm Page 34