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1 IMPORTANT REMINDERS SAT ® Practice Test #1 A No. 2 pencil is required for the test. Do not use a mechanical pencil or pen. Sharing any questions with anyone is a violation of Test Security and Fairness policies and may result in your scores being canceled. THIS TEST BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM. UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR USE OF ANY PART OF THIS TEST BOOK IS PROHIBITED. This cover is representative of what you’ll see on test day. © 2015 The College Board. College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. GENERAL DIRECTIONS– You may work on one section at a time.– If you finish a section before time is called, check your work on that section. You may NOT turn to any other section.MARKING ANSWERS– Be sure to mark your answer sheet properly.
– You must use a No. 2 pencil. – Carefully mark only one answer for each question. – Make sure you fill the entire circle darkly and completely. – Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet. – If you erase, do so completely. Incomplete erasures may be scored as intended answers. – Use only the answer rows that correspond to the question numbers. USING YOUR TEST BOOK – You may use the test book for scratch work, but you will not receive credit for anything that you write in your test book. – After time has been called, you may not transfer answers from your test book to your answer sheet or fill in circles. – You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book, or take the book or answer sheet from the testing room. SCORING – For each correct answer, you receive one point. – You do not lose points for wrong answers; therefore, you should try to answer every question even if you are not sure of the correct answer. COMPLETE MARK EXAMPLES OF INCOMPLETE MARKS GENERAL DIRECTIONS – You may work on only one section at a time. – If you !nish a section before time is called, check your work on that section. You may NOT turn to any other section. MARKING ANSWERS – Be sure to mark your answer sheet properly. – You must use a No. 2 pencil. – Carefully mark only one answer for each question. – Make sure you !ll the entire circle darkly and completely. – Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet. – If you erase, do so completely. Incomplete erasures may be scored as intended answers. – Use only the answer rows that correspond to the question numbers. USING YOUR TEST BOOK – You may use the test book for scratch work, but you will not receive credit for anything that you write in your test book. – After time has been called, you may not transfer answers from your test book to your answer sheet or !ll in circles. – You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book, or take the book or answer sheet from the testing room. SCORING – For each correct answer, you receive one point. – You do not lose points for wrong answers; therefore, you should try to answer every question even if you are not sure of the correct answer. YOUR NAME (PRINT) LAST FIRST MI TEST CENTER NUMBER NA ME OF TEST CENTER ROOM NUMBER The codes below are unique to your test book. Copy them on your answer sheet in boxes 21 and 22 and !ll in the corresponding circles exactly as shown. Ideas contained in passages for this test, some of which are excerpted or adapted from published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board or National Merit Scholarship Corporation. 21 FORM CODE(Copy and grid as onback of test book.) 22 TEST ID (Copy from back of test book.) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOK UNTIL THE SUPERVISOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO. 5KPT06 Follow this link for more information on scoring your practice test: ww w.collegeboard.org/ psatscoring DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOK UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO COMPLETE MARK EXAMPLES OF INCOMPLETE MARKS GENERAL DIRECTIONS – You may work on only one section at a time. – If you !nish a section before time is called, check your work on that section. You may NOT turn to any other section. MARKING ANSWERS – Be sure to mark your answer sheet properly. – You must use a No. 2 pencil. – Carefully mark only one answer for each question. – Make sure you !ll the entire circle darkly and completely. – Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet. – If you erase, do so completely. Incomplete erasures may be scored as intended answers. – Use only the answer rows that correspond to the question numbers. USING YOUR TEST BOOK – You may use the test book for scratch work, but you will not receive credit for anything that you write in your test book. – After time has been called, you may not transfer answers from your test book to your answer sheet or !ll in circles. – You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book, or take the book or answer sheet from the testing room. SCORING – For each correct answer, you receive one point. – You do not lose points for wrong answers; therefore, you should try to answer every question even if you are not sure of the correct answer. YOUR NAME (PRINT) LAST FIRST MI TEST CENTER NUMBER NA ME OF TEST CENTER ROOM NUMBER The codes below are unique to your test book. Copy them on your answer sheet in boxes 21 and 22 and !ll in the corresponding circles exactly as shown. Ideas contained in passages for this test, some of which are excerpted or adapted from published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board or National Merit Scholarship Corporation. 21 FORM CODE(Copy and grid as onback of test book.) 22 TEST ID (Copy from back of test book.) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOK UNTIL THE SUPERVISOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO. 5KPT06 Follow this link for more information on scoring your practice test: ww w.collegeboard.org/ psatscoring YOUR NAME (PRINT)October 2 0 1 8 Q AS ® Q A S 
 Oct. 2018 /u/betterturkey

2 Reading Test 65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage. This passage is from Lydia Minatoya, The Strangeness of Beauty . ©1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble family. Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a go-between—would Chie have been more receptive? He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie. Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour, in this weather?” Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,” she read. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air. “I think you should go,” said Naomi. Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double. “Madame,” said Akira, “forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency.” His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face. In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two.” “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I’ve received word of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.” “Congratulations,” Chie said with amusement. “That is an opportunity, I’m sure. But how am I involved?” Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira’s message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult’s mind? That’s how she viewed him, as a child. 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2Line   5    10    15    20    25    30    35    40    45    50    55   Questions 1-10  are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Mary Helen Stefaniak,  The Cailiffs of Baghdad, Georgia , ©2010 by Mary Helen Stefaniak. Narrator Gladys Cailiff is eleven years old in 1938 when a new, well-traveled young schoolteacher, Miss Grace Spivey, turns a small Georgia town upside down. Miss Grace Spivey arrived in ! reestep, Georgia, 
 in August 1938. She stepped o " the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navy blue dress, and a little white tam that rode the waves 
 of her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was 
 a hellish month to step o " the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 
 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one 
 time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some 
 of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don’t like to hear that this 
 is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, “We weren’t no poorer than we’d ever been,” and the citizens of ! reestep were in the mood for a little excitement. Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to 
 give it to them. She was, by almost anyone’s standards, a woman of the world. She’d gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she’d studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a “fruitful intermission” in her formal education, 
 she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother’s, one Janet Miller, who was a medical doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. A#er her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the $rst day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard , which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard. It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to $nd her true mission in life, that she wandered one a#ernoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education . Professor Dewey was in his seventies 
 by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat with students a #er a lecture—especially female students, she added—sometimes over co "ee, and see in their eyes 
 the $re his words could kindle. It was a #er this lecture and subsequent co "ee that Miss Spivey had marched 
 to the Teacher’s College and signed up, all a %ame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the WPA 1 that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America. ! ey sent her to ! reestep, Georgia. Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord’s eye. What we really wanted to know about—all twenty- six of us across seven grade levels in the one room—was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front

3 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 60 657075808590of the blackboard behind the teacher’s desk up front. ! at button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona $de seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world—or at least a wrinkled map of it—unfolded before 
 our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that moment, not a one of us knew 
 it was there. Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and 
 Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. ! ey spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice. “And can you guess what we saw from the train?” Miss Spivey asked. We could not. “Camels!” she said. “We saw a whole caravan of camels.” She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought. We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up. “She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,” Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the room. Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her 
 for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss Spivey simply said, “ ! at’s right.” 1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a central part of President 
 Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “New Deal.” It was established in 1935 as a means 
 of creating government jobs for some of the nation’s many unemployed. 1! e narrator of the passage can best be described as A)one of Miss Spivey’s former students. B)Miss Spivey’s predecessor. C)an anonymous member of the community. D)Miss Spivey herself. 4Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 2-5 (“She stepped… angle”) B)Lines 10-14 (“I believe… else”) C)Lines 14-20 (“Irritated… excitement”) D)Lines 23-25 (“She’d gone… London”)2In the passage, ! reestep is mainly presented as a A)summer retreat for vacationers. B)small rural town. C)town that is home to a prominent university. D)comfortable suburb. 3It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of the people at the train station regard Miss Spivey’s comment about the Georgia heat with A)sympathy, because they assume that she is experiencing intense heat for the $rst time. B)disappointment, because they doubt that she will stay in ! reestep for very long. C)embarrassment, because they imagine that she is superior to them. D)resentment, because they feel that she is minimizing their discomfort. 5Miss Spivey uses the phrase “fruitful intermission” (line 26) to indicate that A)she bene $ted from taking time o " from her studies in order to travel. B)her travels with Janet Miller encouraged her to start medical school. C)her early years at boarding school resulted in unanticipated rewards. D)what she thought would be a short break from school lasted several years.

4 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 9In the passage, when Miss Spivey announces that she had seen camels, the students’ reaction suggests that they are A)delighted. B)fascinated. C)ba&ed. D)worried. 7In the third paragraph, what is the narrator most likely suggesting by describing Miss Spivey as having “wandered” (line 39) in one situation and “marched” (line 47) in another situation? A)Dewey, knowing Miss Spivey wasn’t very con $dent in her ability to teach, instilled in her 
 a sense of determination. B)Talking with Dewey over co "ee made Miss Spivey realize how excited she was to teach in 
 the poorest, most remote corner of America. C)A#er two years spent studying, Miss Spivey was anxious to start teaching and be in charge of her own classroom. D)Miss Spivey’s initial encounter with Dewey’s ideas was somewhat accidental but ultimately motivated her to decisive action. 6! e interaction between Miss Spivey and Ralphord serves mainly to A)suggest that Miss Spivey has an exaggerated view of what information should be considered common knowledge. B)establish a friendly dynamic between the charming schoolchildren and their indulgent and doting new instructor. C)introduce Ralphord as a precocious young student and Miss Spivey as a dismissive and disinterested teacher. D)demonstrate that the children want to amuse Miss Spivey with their questions. 8According to the passage, Miss Spivey ended up in ! reestep as a direct result of A)her friendship with Janet Miller. B)attending college in New York City. C)talking with a woman at the WPA. D)Miss Chandler’s retirement from teaching. 10Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 79-81 (“She looked… thought”) B)Lines 82-83 (“We all… up”) C)Lines 84-86 (“She means… room”) D)Lines 87-91 (“Instead… right”)

5 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 Line   5    10    15    20    253035404550556065Questions 11-21  are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from David Owen, “Traffic Congestion 
 Is Not an Environmental Problem” from The Conundrum . ©2011 by David Owen. Building good transit isn’t a bad idea, but it can actually back $re if the new trains and buses merely clear space on highway lanes for those who would prefer to drive—a group that, historically, has included almost everyone with access to a car. To have environmental value, new transit has to replace and eliminate driving on a scale su 'cient to cut energy consumption overall. ! at means that a new transit system has to be backed up by something that impels complementary reductions in car use—say, the physical elimination of tra 'c lanes or the conversion of existing roadways into bike or bus lanes, ideally in combination with higher fuel taxes, parking fees, and tolls. Needless to say, those ideas are not popular. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. One of the few forces with a proven ability to slow the growth of suburban sprawl has been the ultimately $nite tolerance of commuters for long, annoying commutes. ! at tolerance has grown in recent decades, and not just in the United States, but it isn’t unlimited, and even people who don’t seem to mind spending half their day in a car eventually reach a point where, $nally, enough is enough. ! at means that tra 'c congestion can have environmental value, since it lengthens commuting times and, by doing so, discourages the proliferation of still more energy-hungry subdivisions—unless we made the congestion go away. If, in a mis-guided e "ort to do something of environmental value, municipalities take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypasses, employing tra 'c-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays, replacing tollbooths with radio-based systems that don’t require drivers even to slow down—we actually make the sprawl problem worse, by indirectly encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, schools, and doctors’ o'ces, and by forcing municipalities to further extend road networks, power grids, water lines, and other civic infrastructure. If you cut commuting time by 10%, people who now drive $# y miles each way to work can justify moving $ve miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. ! is is how metropolitan areas metastasize. It’s the history of suburban expansion. Tra 'c congestion isn’t an environmental problem; tra 'c is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known 
 for a long time that building new car lanes reduces congestion only temporarily, because the new lanes foster additional driving—a phenomenon called induced tra 'c. Widening roads makes tra 'c move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers and entice current drivers to drive more, and congestion reappears, but with more cars—and that gets people thinking about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same e"ect, if existing tra 'c lanes are kept in service: road space begets road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make 
 in promoting transit plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transit scheme by arguing that it would make traveling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.

6Figure 1 E"ect of Route Capacity Reduction in Selected Regions *Change in regional traffic in proportion to traffic previously using the altered road. 
 Adapted from David Owen, The Conundrum , ©2011 by David Owen and Penguin Books. Figure 2 Adapted from Douglas C. Montgomery and George C. Runger, Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (6th edition), ©2013 by Douglas C. Montgomery and George C. Runger. RegionVehicles per day on altered roadVehicles per day on surrounding roadsChange in tra 'c* Before alterationA#er alteration Before alterationA#er alteration Rathausplatz, Nürnberg24,584067,28455,824-146.6%Southhampton city center5,3163,08126,52224,101-87.5%Tower Bridge, London44,2420103,262111,999-80.3%New York highway110,00050,000540,000560,000-36.4%Kinnaird Bridge, Edmonton1,30002,1302,885-41.9% Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60

7 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 14In the $rst paragraph, the author concedes that his recommendations are A)costly to implement. B)not widely supported. C)strongly opposed by experts. D)environmentally harmful in the short term. 13As used in lines 8-9, “backed up” most nearly means A)supported. B)copied. C)substituted. D)jammed. 15Based on the passage, how would the author most likely characterize many attempts to improve tra 'c? A)! ey are doomed to fail because most people like driving too much to change their habits. B)! ey overestimate how tolerant people are of long commutes. C)! ey are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. D)! ey will only work if they make driving more economical and productive. 12Which choice best supports the idea that the author assumes that, all things being equal, people would rather drive than take mass transit? A)Lines 1-5 (“Building… car”) B)Lines 5-7 (“To have… overall”) C)Lines 14-17 (“But they’re… productive”) D)Lines 18-21 (“One… commutes”)17According to the passage, reducing commuting time for drivers can have which of the following e "ects? A)Drivers become more productive employees than they previously were. B)Mass transit gets extended farther into suburban areas than it previously was. C)Mass transit carries fewer passengers and receives less government funding than it previously did. D)Drivers become more willing to live farther from their places of employment than they previously were. 16Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 8-13 (“ ! at… tolls”) B)Lines 21-25 (“ ! at… enough”) C)Lines 29-38 (“If, in… worse”) D)Lines 59-62 (“Moving… use”)11! e main purpose of the passage is to A)provide support for the claim that e "orts to reduce tra 'c actually increase tra 'c. B)dispute the widely held belief that building and improving mass transit systems is good for the environment. C)discuss the negative environmental consequences of car-focused development and suburban sprawl. D)argue that one way to reduce the negative environmental e "ects of tra 'c is to make driving less agreeable.

8 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 19According to $gure 1, how many vehicles traveled on the altered road through the Southampton city center per day before the route was altered? A)3,081 B)5,316 C)24,101 D)26,52220Do the data in $gure 1 support or weaken the argument of the author of the passage, and why? A)Support, because the data show that merely moving drivers out of cars can induce tra 'c. B)Support, because the data show that reducing road capacity can lead to a net reduction in tra 'c. C)Weaken, because the data show that in some cases road alterations lead to greater tra 'c on surrounding roads. D)Weaken, because the data show that tra 'c reductions due to road alterations tend to be brief. 21Based on $gure 2, the engineers surveyed were most skeptical of the idea that in the event of a reallocation of road space, drivers would change A)when they travel. B)their means of traveling. C)how o #en they make a journey. D)their driving style. 18As used in line 66, “promotes” most nearly means A)upgrades. B)serves. C)advocates. D)develops.

9 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 Line   5    10    15    20    253035404550556065707580Questions 22-32  are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Sabrina Richards’ article, 
 “Pleasant to the Touch,” which was originally published in September 2012 by The Scientist magazine. ©2012 by Sabrina Richards and The Scientist . In the early 1990s, textbooks acknowledged that humans had slow-conducting nerves, but asserted that those nerves only responded to two types of stimuli: 
 pain and temperature. Sensations of pressure and vibration were believed to travel only along myelinated, fast-signaling nerve $bers, which also give information about location. Experiments blocking nerve $bers supported this notion. Preventing fast $bers from $ring (either by clamping the relevant nerve or by injecting 
 the local anesthetic lidocaine) seemed to eliminate the sensation of pressure altogether, but blocking slow $bers only seemed to reduce sensitivity to warmth or a small painful shock. Håkan Olausson and his Gothenburg University colleagues Åke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg wondered 
 if slow $bers responsive to gentle pressure might be 
 active in humans as well as in other mammals. In 1993, they corralled 28 young volunteers and recorded nerve signals while gently brushing the subjects’ arms with their $ngertips. Using a technique called microneurography, 
 in which a $ne $lament is inserted into a single nerve to capture its electrical impulses, the scientists were able to measure how quickly—or slowly—the nerves $red. ! ey showed that so # stroking prompted two di "erent signals, one immediate and one delayed. ! e delay, Olausson explains, means that the signal from a gentle touch on 
 the forearm will reach the brain about a half second later. ! is delay identi $ed nerve impulses traveling at speeds characteristic of slow, unmyelinated $bers—about 1 meter/second—con $rming the presence of these $bers 
 in human hairy skin. (In contrast, fast-conducting $bers, already known to respond to touch, signal at a rate between 35 and 75 m/s.) ! en, in 1999, the group looked more closely at the characteristics of the slow $bers. ! ey named these 
 “low-threshold” nerves “C-tactile,” or CT $bers, said Olausson, because of their “exquisite sensitivity” to slow, gentle tactile stimulation, but unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks. But why exactly humans might have such $bers, which respond only to a narrow range of rather subtle stimuli, was initially mystifying. Unlike other types ofsensory nerves, CT $bers could be found only in hairy human skin—such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and soles of the feet, prompted similar activity signatures. Olausson and his colleagues decided that these $bers must be conveying a di "erent dimension of sensory information than fast-conducting $bers. Although microneurography can give information about how a single nerve responds to gentle brushing 
 and pressure, it cannot tease out what aspect of sensation that $ber relays, says Olausson. He wanted to know if that same slow nerve can distinguish where the brush touches the arm, and whether it can discern a di "erence between a goat-hair brush and a feather. Most importantly, could that same $ber convey a pleasant sensation? To address the question, Olausson’s group sought out a patient known as G.L. who had an unusual nerve defect. More than 2 decades earlier, she had developed numbness across many parts of her body a #er taking penicillin to treat a cough and fever. Testing showed that she had lost responsiveness to pressure, and a nerve biopsy con $rmed that G.L.’s quick-conducting $bers were gone, resulting in an inability to sense any pokes, prods, or pinpricks below her nose. But she could still sense warmth, suggesting that her slow-conducting unmyelinated $bers were intact. Upon recruiting G.L., Olausson tested her by brushing her arm gently at the speed of between 2–10 centimeters per second. She had more trouble distinguishing the direction or pressure of the brush strokes than most subjects, but reported feeling a pleasant sensation. When the researchers tried brushing her palm, where CT $bers are not found, she felt nothing. Olausson used functional MRI studies to examine which areas of the brain lit up when G.L.’s arm was gently brushed to activate CT $bers. In normal subjects, both the somatosensory and insular cortices were activated, but only the insular cortex, which processes emotion, was active when researchers brushed G .L.’s arm. ! is solidi $ed the notion that CT $bers convey a more emotional quality of touch, rather than the conscious aspect that helps us describe what we are sensing. CT $bers, it seemed, speci $cally provide pleasurable sensations.

10 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 22Based on the passage, textbook authors in the early 1990s would most likely have expected which condition to result from the blocking of fast $bers? A)! e rate at which other nerve $bers $red would increase. B)! e test subject would perceive gentle stimuli as painful. C)! e body would compensate by using slow $bers sense pressure. D)! e ability to perceive vibrations would be impaired. 24As used in line 15, “active” most nearly means A)present. B)attentive. C)movable. D)restless. 26Which conclusion is best supported by the $ndings of Olausson’s 1993 experiment? A)Stimulation at bodily extremities can be sensed as rapidly as stimulation closer to the brain. B)! e presence of hairs in human skin lessens the speed with which nerves conduct signals. C)Gentle pressure is sensed not only by fast $bers but also by slow $bers. D)! e speed at which a nerve $res is dependent on the strength of pressure applied to the nerve. 23Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 1-4 (“In the… temperature”) B)Lines 4-7 (“Sensations… location”) C)Lines 11-13 (“blocking… shock”) D)Lines 31-33 (“In contrast… 75m/s”)27Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 20-23 (“Using… $red”) B)Lines 23-25 (“ ! ey… delayed”) C)Lines 25-27 (“ ! e delay… later”) D)Lines 34-35 (“ ! en… $bers”) 28! e sentence in lines 40-42 (“But… mystifying”) serves mainly to A)identify factors that Olausson had previously failed to consider. B)propose a solution to a dilemma encountered by Olausson. C)anticipate a potential criticism of Olausson by the reader. D)show a problem from the perspective of Olausson’s team. 25As used in line 20, “capture” most nearly means A)occupy. B)seize. C)record. D)in%uence.

11 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 32According to the passage, humans experience an emotional aspect of touch when A)brain cortices are shielded from nerve signals. B)CT $bers are exposed to a stimulus. C)nerve $bers that sense pain are suppressed. D)conscious aspects of sensation are ignored. 30! e main purpose of the sixth paragraph (lines 54-63) is to A)identify those of G.L.’s neurological conditions that might be relieved by the experiment. B)contextualize the nerve function of G.L. by comparing it with that of other adults. C)detail procedures that G.L. had experienced during previous experiments. D)indicate why G.L.’s medical condition was of value to Olausson’s experiment. 29It can reasonably be inferred that one of the intended goals of the 1999 experiment was to determine the A)precise nature of sensations that CT $bers can convey. B)relationship between body hair and CT $ber function. C)role played by CT $bers in the perception of pain. D)e"ect of microneurography on CT $ber signaling. 31According to the passage, G.L. di "ered from Olausson’s other test subjects in terms of the A)number of cortices activated in the brain during gentle brushing. B)physical dimensions of the somatosensory cortex. C)intensity of nerve signals required to activate the insular cortex. D)e"ect of MRI scanning on the basic function of brain cortices.

12 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 Line   5    10    15    20    2530354045505560657075Questions 33-42  are based on the following passages. Passage 1 is an excerpt from Albert J. Beveridge’s Senate campaign speech, “March of the Flag,” on September 16 th, 1898. Passage 2 is adapted from William Jennings Bryan’s speech, “The Paralyzing Influence of Imperialism,” which he delivered 
 to attendees of the Democratic National Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, on August 8 th, 1900. Beveridge’s speech helped him win the election and become a Senator for Indiana, which ultimately made him one of the leading advocates of American expansion. Passage 1 Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has 
 given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a 
 land whose coast lines would enclose half the countries 
 of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that He has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile… working-folk of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, 
 by authority of their heaven-directed purposes—the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who %ung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands… a history of soldiers, who carried the %ag across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century… a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous reasoning we $nd ourselves to-day… ! ink of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic’s laws cover those islands with justice and safety! ! ink of the tens of thousands of Americans who will invade… the Philippines when a liberal government… shall establish order and equity there! ! ink of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a… civilization 
 of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!—think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the Stars and Stripes, 
 the citizenship of the Great Republic! Passage 2 If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in 
 the government of colonies, the Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability. ! e Filipinos do not need any encouragement from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated to make the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, “Give 
 me liberty or give me death,” he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men. Let them censure Je "erson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so o "ensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery. Or, if the 
 statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Je "erson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are forgotten. Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening in %uence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, 
 a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master. ! ose who would have this Nation enter upon a 
 career of empire must consider, not only the e "ect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also calculate its e "ects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here.

13 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 39In developing their respective arguments, Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) both express admiration for the A)founding and history of the United States. B)vibrancy and diversity of American culture. C)worldwide history of struggles for independence. D)idealism that permeates many aspects of American society. 33In Passage 1, Beveridge asserts that the resources and immensity of the United States constitute a A)safeguard against foreign invasion. B)replication of conditions in Europe. C)divine gi # to the American people. D)source of envy for people in other countries. 34In the second paragraph of Passage 1 (lines 24-37), the commands given by Beveridge mainly serve to A)remind the audience of its civic responsibilities. B)anticipate the bene $ts of a proposed policy. C)emphasize the urgency of a national problem. D)refute arguments that opponents have advanced.36It can be reasonably inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a A)reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era. B)sign that the belief in human equality is widespread. C)testament to the e "ects of the foreign policy of the United States. D)manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.35As used in line 65, “recalled” most nearly means A)repeated. B)retracted. C)rejected. D)remembered. 37Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 47-51 (“If the… Henry”) B)Lines 65-66 (“It goes… in %uence”) C)Lines 71-73 (“He never… master”) D)Lines 74-77 (“ ! ose… nation”) 38As used in line 76, “calculate” most nearly means A)evaluate. B)design. C)assume. D)multiply.

14 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 42Which choice from Passage 2 provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 38-43 (“If it… ability”) B)Lines 44-45 (“ ! e Filipinos… living”) C)Lines 45-47 (“Our… government”) D)Lines 51-53 (“When… men”)40Which choice describes a central di "erence between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) 
 view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States? A)Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents 
 it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe. B)Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion. C)Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country’s beginnings. D)Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.41It can most reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan would criticize the vision of American governance of island territories that Beveridge presents in Passage 1 for being A)unrealistic, since most Americans would be unwilling to relocate to distant islands. B)deceptive, since economic domination would be the true goal of the American government. C)impractical, since the islanders would insist upon an equal distribution of resources. D)naive, since the islanders would object to being governed by Americans.

15 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 Line   5    10    15    20    253035404550556065Questions 43-52  are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is an excerpt from an essay by Peter A. Ensminger, “Control of Weeds by Plowing at Night,” from his collection of essays Life Under The Sun . ©2001 by Peter A. Ensminger and 
 Yale University Press . Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their $elds to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a valuable part of an integrated weed-management program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it o #en leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks. Ecologists have shown that a farmer’s $eld can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight? Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a relatively simple experiment, they went to ten di "erent habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. ! ey stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. ! ey then exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. ! ey concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a “light break,” and this stimulates their germination. More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their $elds during the day, the buried weed seeds are brie %y exposed to sunlight as the soil is turned over, and that 
 this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. ! us the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if farmers simply plowed their $elds during the night, when the photon %uence rate (the rate at which photons hit the surface) is below 1015 photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds. Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he $rst came up with this idea because he assumed that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ine "ective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, $rst presented at a 1989 scienti $c meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated that the method can be e "ective. Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. ! e farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. ! e results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the $eld plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas only about 2 percent of the $eld plowed at night was covered by weeds. ! is method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the 
 same weed species that invade farmers’ $elds in Germany also invade $elds elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of emerged seedlings in soil disturbed inSampleSource of soillightdarknessAdeciduous woods40Bdeciduous woods21Cdeciduous woods62Dconifer plantation 83Econifer plantation21Ftall-grass prairie 51Gold pasture02Hold pasture21Imuck $eld 142Jmuck $eld 53Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month a #er Soil Was Disturbed Figure 1

16 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 44! e question in the second paragraph (lines 13-16) primarily serves to A)emphasize the provisional nature of the $ndings discussed in the passage. B)introduce the speci $c research topic addressed in the passage. C)suggest the hypothetical impact of the studies analyzed in the passage. D)indicate the level of disagreement about the methods explored in the passage. 47! e passage suggests that if Seydel had planted wheat or corn on the two agricultural strips in Hartmann’s experiment, the percentage of the surface of each strip covered with weeds would likely have been A)lower than the percentage that Hartmann found. B)higher than the percentage that Hartmann had predicted. C)nearly impossible for Hartmann to determine. D)comparable to Hartmann’s original projection. 48Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A)Lines 52-55 (“Hartmann… night”) B)Lines 55-57 (“No crops… weeds”) C)Lines 57-58 (“ ! e results… dramatic”) D)Lines 58-61 (“More… weeds”)43According to the passage, exposure to light allows seeds to A)begin to develop. B)absorb necessary nutrients. C)withstand extreme temperatures. D)achieve maximum growth. 45As used in line 15, “induced” most nearly means A)lured. B)established. C)convinced. D)stimulated. 49As used in line 58, “dramatic” most nearly means A)theatrical. B)sudden. C)impressive. D)emotional. 46Which choice best supports the idea that seeds present in the $elds plowed at night are exposed to some amount of light? A)Lines 29-33 (“More… germination”) B)Lines 33-35 (“Although… germination”) C)Lines 40-44 (“Although… seeds”) D)Lines 45-49 (“Hartmann… ago”)

17 Reading Test 60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma , originally published in 1815. Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the 11 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large 60 51As presented in the table, which sample produced the most seedlings when the soil was disturbed in light? A)Sample G B)Sample H C)Sample I D)Sample J50According to the table, in which soil sample disturbed in darkness did the fewest number of seedlings emerge? A)Sample A B)Sample B C)Sample C D)Sample D52! e data presented in the table most directly support which claim from the passage? A)Lines 1-2 (“Many… weeds”) B)Lines 8-10 (“Ecologists… surface”) C)Lines 10-12 (“Plant… germinate”) D)Lines 35-40 (“ ! us… second”) 46 How would the authors of Passage 2 most likely respond to the “prospect” referred to in line 21, Passage 1? A) With approval, because it illustrates how useful de-extinction could be in addressing widespread environmental concerns. B) With resignation, because the gradual extinction of many living species is inevitable. C) With concern, because it implies an easy solution to a difficult problem. D) With disdain, because it shows that people have little understanding of the importance of genetic diversity. 47 Which choice would best support the claim that the authors of Passage 2 recognize that the “imagination soars” (line 24, Passage 1) in response to de-extinction technology? A) Lines 28-30 (“Th e... news”) B) Lines 30-33 (“Ye t... crisis”) C) Lines 58-59 (“Tha t... altogether”) D) Lines 61-63 (“Fo r... diversity”) STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 11 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 16

18 Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 2 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . DIRECTIONS Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is. Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. Whey to Go Greek yogurt—a strained form of cultured yogurt—has grown enormously in popularity in the United States since it was first introduced in the country in the late 1980s. From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase in Greek yogurt production has forced those involved in the business to address the detrimental effects that the yogurt-making process may be having on the environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the 22 ................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 181A)NO CHANGE B)and with C)and also D)and competing with Questions 1-11  are based on the following passage. How a Cat in a Hat Changed Children’s Education In a 1954 Life magazine article, author John Hersey expressed concern that children in the United States were disengaged from learning how to read. Among other problems, Hersey noted, the reading material available to grade-schoolers had a hard time competing with television, radio, and other media for children’s attention. One solution he proposed was to make children's books more 
 1

19 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 192! e writer wants to include a quotation by Hersey that supports the topic of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A)NO CHANGE B)interesting, since “learning starts with failure; the $rst failure is the beginning of education.” C)interesting because “journalism allows its readers to witness history; $ction gives its readers an opportunity to live it.” D)interesting with “drawings like those of the wonderfully imaginative geniuses among children’s illustrators.” 3A)NO CHANGE B)Spaulding the director C)Spaulding, the director, D)Spaulding—the director 4Which choice most e "ectively combines the sentence at the underlined portion? A)readers, and he B)readers—namely, he C)readers; and Spaulding D)readers, and meanwhile he interesting, since “an individual’s sense of wholeness… follows, and cannot precede, a sense of accomplishment.” ! e story of ! e Cat in the Hat’s publication began 
 when William Spaulding, the director of the education division at the publishing company Houghton Mi &in, read Hersey’s article and had an idea. Spaulding agreed that there was a need for appealing books for beginning readers. He thought he knew who should write one. He arranged to have dinner with ! eodor Geisel, who wrote and illustrated children's books under the name “Dr. Seuss,” and issued him a challenge: “Write me a story that $rst graders can't put down!”234

20 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 198A)NO CHANGE B)A#er thirty-six weeks—or nine months—had passed, C)A#er a length of nine months had elapsed, D)Nine months later,6A)NO CHANGE B)For example, C)Furthermore, D)At any rate,7A)NO CHANGE B)an image that Geisel $nally hit upon became the basis of his story: C)Geisel $nally hit upon the image that became the basis for his story: D)the story was $nally based on an image that Geisel hit upon:5Which choice best supports the information that follows in the sentence? A)NO CHANGE B)acquired a reputation for perfectionism and for setting high standards for his work, C)been interested in politics before breaking into the game of children’s literature, D)published nine children’s books and having received three nominations for the prestigious Caldecott Medal, Having known Spaulding for many years and having maintained a professional relationship with him, Geisel was an experienced writer and illustrator. However, this new project presented him with an obstacle. Spaulding told Geisel to write his entire book using a restricted vocabulary from 
 an elementary school list of 348 words. Geisel started two stories, only to abandon them when he found that he needed to use words that were not on the list. On the verge of giving up, Geisel's story $nally hit upon an image that became its basis: a cat wearing a battered stovepipe hat. His main character established, Geisel commenced the di 'cult task 
 of writing a book with a limited vocabulary. At the end of a duration nine months long, ! e Cat in the Hat was complete. 7856

21 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 199A)NO CHANGE B)was C)has been D)DELETE the underlined portion. 10A)NO CHANGE B)followed; many C)followed, many D)followed—many11! e writer wants a conclusion that restates the main themes of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A)NO CHANGE B)impressive worldwide sales that continue to remain high to this day. C)enduring ability to delight children and engage them in learning how to read. D)important role in the history of illustration in the twentieth century. ! e book was a hit. Children were entertained by its plot about the antics of a mischievous cat and is captivated 
 by its eye-catching illustrations and memorable rhythms and rhymes. Its sales inspired another publishing company, Random House, to establish a series for early readers called Beginner Books, which featured works by Geisel and other writers, and other publishers quickly followed suit. In the years that followed. Many talented writers and illustrators of children's books imitated Geisel's formula 
 of restricted vocabulary and whimsical artwork. But perhaps the best proof of ! e Cat in the Hat’s success is not its in%uence on other books but its limited vocabulary and appealing word choices. 10119

22 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1912A)NO CHANGE B)to pick up litter, C)litter collection, D)picking up litter, 13! e writer wants a transition from the previous paragraph that highlights the criticism of compulsory volunteering mentioned in the previous paragraph. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A)NO CHANGE B)Whatever the work may be, C)For many students, D)Fortunately for the communities in need,14A)NO CHANGE B)o'cials are taking away students C)o'cials are taking away student’s D)o'cials are taking away students’ Questions 12-22  are based on the following passage. Keep Student Volunteering Voluntary A growing number of public schools in the United States require students to complete community service hours to graduate. Such volunteering, be it helping at a local animal shelter, when they pick up litter, or working at a health- care facility, has obvious bene $ts for the community it serves and teaches students important life skills. But critics say that making volunteerism compulsory misses the point of the act. By its very de $nition, volunteer work is done willingly. By requiring students to do community service 
 in order to graduate, school o'cials' are taking away students' choice to give up their time for nonpro $t activities, making volunteerism less meaningful and pleasurable. According to a psychological concept called the reactance 121314

23 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1917A)NO CHANGE B)a"ect C)e"ecting D)a"ects16Which choice provides a supporting example that is most similar to the examples already in the sentence? A)NO CHANGE B)a closer connection with their community. C)less time spent engaging in social activities. D)little increase in academic achievement. 15A)NO CHANGE B)volunteering, advocating it, C)volunteering D)volunteering and its advocates theory, the loss of freedom in choosing an activity can cause a negative reaction. For instance, instead of focusing on the good they are doing, students may become resentful of the demands that compulsory volunteering places on their schedules. Proponents of compulsory volunteering who are in favor of it point out that it allows young people to garner the bene $ts that volunteering o "ers. Students who volunteer report increased self-esteem, better relationship-building skills, and increasingly busy schedules . Some studies have also found that students who do community service are more likely to volunteer as adults, and thus e"ect society positively over the course of many years. 171615

24 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1919A)NO CHANGE B)school; they then, C)school. ! ey, then D)school; they then18A)NO CHANGE B)coercive C)forcible D)imperative20A)NO CHANGE B)than did students who were C)than hours worked by students D)compared with students However, most research looks at students who 
 volunteer in general, not making a distinction between students who are required to volunteer by their schools and those who volunteer willingly. One recent study by Sara E. Helms, assistant professor of economics at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama, did focus speci $cally on mandatory volunteering. She found that students who were required to volunteer rushed to complete their service hours in early high school, they then did signi $cantly less regular volunteer work in the twel #h grade 
 than the service hours of those not required to volunteer. Helms concluded that compulsory volunteering does not necessarily create lifelong volunteers.192018

25 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1921Which choice most e "ectively sets up the point made in the next sentence? A)NO CHANGE B)should allow students to spend their time participating in athletics and other extracurricular activities. C)should focus on o "ering arrangements that make volunteering an easy and attractive choice. D)are advised to recognize the limits of their ability to in %uence their students. 22! e writer wants a conclusion that states the main claim of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A)It is imperative that students do their part to $nd volunteers for the many worthwhile organizations in the United States. B)Schools that do this will produce more engaged, enthusiastic volunteers than schools that require volunteer work. C)Studies in the $elds of psychology and economics have revolutionized researchers’ understanding of volunteerism. D)It is important that students choose charitable work that suits their interests and values. Instead of requiring students to volunteer, schools 
 have to recognize that not all students are equally well suited to the same activities. Many studies show that when schools simply tell students about opportunities for community service and connect them with organizations that need help, more students volunteer of their own free will. 2122

26 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1925A)NO CHANGE B)trait, C)trait; D)trait:23A)NO CHANGE B)will long be believing C)have long believed D)long believe 26A)NO CHANGE B)correlates with C)correlates from D)links on Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. 
Marsupials Lend a Hand to Science Marsupials (mammals that carry their young in a pouch) are a curiosity among biologists because they lack a corpus callosum, the collection of nerve $bers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. In most other mammals, the le # hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body, the right hemisphere controls the le #, and the corpus callosum allows communication between the hemispheres. Scientists are long believing that this structure enables complex tasks by sequestering skilled movement to a single hemisphere without sacri $cing coordination between both sides of the body; this sequestration would explain handedness, the tendency to consistently prefer one hand over the other, in humans. However, a recent $nding 
 of handedness in marsupials suggests that a trait other than the presence of a corpus callosum links as handedness: bipedalism. 2623242524A)NO CHANGE B)and favor the use of one hand over the other, C)one hand over the other that could be chosen, D)one hand on a regular basis,

27 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1928A)NO CHANGE B)kangaroo, and C)kangaroo; and D)kangaroo—and, 27Which choice accurately re %ects the information in the graph? A)NO CHANGE B)scores of 0 or less indicated a le #-forelimb preference and positive scores indicated a lack of forelimb preference. C)positive scores indicated a lack of forelimb preference and negative scores indicated a right-forelimb preference. D)positive scores indicated a le #-forelimb preference and negative scores indicated a right-forelimb preference. 29Which choice most accurately re %ects the data in the graph? A)NO CHANGE B)positive mean handedness index values greater than 0.6 C)positive mean handedness index values between 0.4 and 0.6 D)mean handedness index values of 0Adapted from Andrey Giljov et al., “Parallel Emergence of True Handedness in the Evolution of Marsupials and Placentals.” ©2015 by Elsevier Ltd. Figure 1 Researchers at Saint Petersburg State University and 
 the University of Tasmania observed marsupials walking on either two legs (bipeds) or four (quadrupeds) and performing tasks such as bringing food to their mouths. ! e scientists employed a mean handedness index: negative scores indicated a le #-forelimb preference and positive scores indicated a right-forelimb preference. While eating, the eastern gray kangaroo, red-necked wallaby, red kangaroo and, brush-tailed bettong, all bipedal marsupials, preferred using their le # forelimb, as revealed by positive mean handedness index values less than 0.2 for all four species. ! ese results suggest handedness among these animals. 272928

28 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1930Which choice provides the best transition from the previous paragraph? A)NO CHANGE B)Like most other mammals, C)In contrast to their bipedal counterparts, D)While using their forelimbs for eating,31Which choice presents a main claim of the passage? A)NO CHANGE B)For the marsupials in the study , then , handedness seems to be associated with bipedalism. C)! ere are many things scientists do not understand about the marsupial brain. D)Additional studies on this phenomenon will need to be performed with other mammals. Having four feet, quadrupedal marsupials in the study did not show a strong preference for the use of one forelimb. For instance, gray short-tailed opossums and sugar gliders were assigned mean handedness values very close to zero—they used their right and le # forelimbs nearly equally. In e "ect, the study provided no evidence of handedness among quadrupedal marsupials. Kangaroos, though, still do not exhibit handedness to the extent that humans do. As the researchers noted, the quadrupeds typically live in trees and employ all four limbs in climbing. ! e bipeds, on the other hand, are far less 3031

29 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 19arboreal, leaving their forelimbs relatively free for tasks in 
 whom handedness may confer an evolutionary advantage. Why the majority of marsupials studied preferred their le # forelimbs while the majority of humans prefer 
 their right remains a mystery, however, as does the mechanism by which, in the absence of a corpus callosum, the hemispheres of the marsupial brain communicate. 323332A)NO CHANGE B)which C)what D)whose33! e writer wants to conclude the passage by recalling a topic from the $rst paragraph that requires additional research. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A)NO CHANGE B)though researchers should not neglect the sizable minority of humans who are le # handed. C)and scientists believe that studies like this one may someday yield insights into the causes of certain neurological disorders. D)and an additional study is planned to study handedness in other animals that stand upright only some of the time.

30 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1936A)NO CHANGE B)workers opportunities’ C)workers opportunities D)worker’s opportunity’s 35Which choice most e "ectively establishes the main idea of the passage? A)NO CHANGE B)solve the problem of rising tuition costs C)strengthen the US economy D)attract and retain employeesQuestions 34-44  are based on the following passage. 
An Employee Bene !t " at Bene !ts Employers — 1 — According to a 2014 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, 54 percent of surveyed companies provide tuition assistance to employees pursuing an undergraduate degree, and 50 percent do so for employees working toward a graduate degree. Despite these $ndings, more companies should consider helping employees pay for education because doing so helps increase customer satisfaction and improve the quality of the companies' business. — 2 — Tuition-reimbursement programs signal that employers o"er their workers' opportunities for personal and professional development. According to professor of management Peter Cappelli, such opportunities are appealing to highly motivated and disciplined individuals and may attract applicants with these desirable qualities. Many in the36343534Which choice provides the most e "ective transition from the previous sentence to the information that immediately follows in this sentence? A)NO CHANGE B)In addition to the 2014 report, C)Although these levels are impressive, D)Whether they want to or not,

31 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1937A)NO CHANGE B)stressed C)stressing D)and he stressed business community concur. Explaining his company’s decision to expand its tuition-assistance program, John Fox, the director of dealer training at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in the United States, who stressed the importance of drawing skilled employees to Fiat Chrysler's car dealerships: “! is is a bene $t that can surely bring top talent to our dealers,” he said. — 3 — Paying for tuition also helps businesses retain 
 employees. Retaining employees is important not only because it ensures a skilled and experienced workforce, but also because it mitigates the considerable costs of $nding, hiring, and training new workers. Employees whose tuition 
 is reimbursed o #en stay with their employer even a #er they complete their degrees. Because their new quali $cations give them opportunities for advancement within the company. ! e career of Valerie Lincoln, an employee 37383938Which choice most e "ectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A)employees, and this retention B)employees, the retaining of whom C)employees, which D)employees; that 39A)NO CHANGE B)degrees: because C)degrees because D)degrees; because

32 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 1941A)NO CHANGE B)hidden C)large D)spacious at the aerospace company United Technologies Corporation 
 ( UTC ) is a signi $cant success story for her company's tuition-reimbursement program. In eight years at UTC, Lincoln earned associate and bachelor’s degrees in business and advanced from an administrative assistant position to an accounting associate position. ! is allowed UTC to retain an employee with a deep knowledge of her industry and years of valuable experience. — 4 — Tuition reimbursement can be expensive, and many companies would $nd it impractical to pay for multiple degrees for all employees. Businesses have succeeded in 
 minimizing and keeping down costs and ensuring the relevance of employees' coursework by o "ering $xed amounts of reimbursement each year and stipulating which subjects 42404142A)NO CHANGE B)minimizing costs associated with employees’ coursework C)being e "ective at keeping down costs D)keeping down costs 40A)NO CHANGE B)(UTC)— C)(UTC): D)(UTC),

33 [1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment, some companies have begun allowing workers to take naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend working have increased dramatically since the 1970s, making it hard for many workers to get a good night’s sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the workplace has been shown to improve workers’ efficiency and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers should champion napping as a means to keep employees happy, healthy, and functional. 5 22 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 2 A) NO CHANGE B) main things leading up to C) huge things about D) primary causes of 3 A) NO CHANGE B) have spent C) spends D) are spent 4 A) NO CHANGE B) workers; managers C) workers, managers, D) workers, managers 5 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed A) where it is now. B) before sentence 1. C) after sentence 1. D) after sentence 4. 2 3 4 5 19 46 How would the authors of Passage 2 most likely respond to the “prospect” referred to in line 21, Passage 1? A) With approval, because it illustrates how useful de-extinction could be in addressing widespread environmental concerns. B) With resignation, because the gradual extinction of many living species is inevitable. C) With concern, because it implies an easy solution to a difficult problem. D) With disdain, because it shows that people have little understanding of the importance of genetic diversity. 47 Which choice would best support the claim that the authors of Passage 2 recognize that the “imagination soars” (line 24, Passage 1) in response to de-extinction technology? A) Lines 28-30 (“Th e... news”) B) Lines 30-33 (“Ye t... crisis”) C) Lines 58-59 (“Tha t... altogether”) D) Lines 61-63 (“Fo r... diversity”) STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 11 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 1643A)NO CHANGE B)diverted C)in diverting D)diversions for 44To make the passage most logical, the sentence should be placed immediately a #er the last sentence in paragraph A)1. B)2. C)3. D)4. workers can study. Even with these methods, tuition reimbursement may not be appropriate in all cases, especially if classes are likely to divert employees’ time and energy from their jobs. Question asks about the previous passage as a whole.434444

34 Math Test – No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 3 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE For questions 1-15 , solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20 , solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1. The use of a calculator is not permitted . 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. r r r r w w w h h h h h b c a b A = ℓw V = ℓwh A = bh A = pr2 V = pr2h c2 = a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles C = 2pr ℓ ℓ ℓ 1 2 V = pr3 4 3 V = pr2h 1 3 V = ℓwh 1 3 30° 60° 45° 45° 2x x s s x√3 s√2 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2 p. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 34

35 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 332A television with a price of $300 is to be purchased with an initial payment of $60 and weekly payments of $30. Which of the following equations can be used to $nd the number of weekly payments, w, required to complete the purchase, assuming there are no taxes or fees? A)300= 30w–60 B)300= 30w C)300= 30w+60 D)300= 60w–30 2z+1=z What value of z satis $es the equation above? A)–2 B)–1 C)D)1 1 12 3Shipping Charges ! e table above shows shipping charges for an online retailer that sells sporting goods. ! ere is a linear relationship between the shipping charge and the weight of the merchandise. Which function can be used to determine the total shipping charge f(x), in dollars, for an order with a merchandise weight of x pounds? A)f(x)= 0.9 9x B)f(x)= 0.9 9x+11.99 C)f(x)= 3.3 9x D)f(x)= 3.3 9x+16.94 Merchandise weight (pounds)Shipping charge 
 ($)516.941021.892031.794051.59

36 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 335If x>0, which of the following is equivalent to the given expression? A)3x B)3x2 C)18x D)18x4 9 x 2 6What are all the values of x that satisfy the equation above? A)–3 B)0 C)1 D)–3 and –1 x 2 − 1 x − 1 = − 2 4
! e line in the xy-plane above represents the relationship between the height h(x), in feet, and the base diameter x, in feet, for cylindrical Doric columns in ancient Greek architecture. How much greater is the height of a Doric column that has a base diameter of 5 feet than the height of a Doric column that has 
 a base diameter of 2 feet? A)7 feet B)14 feet C)21 feet D)24 feet

37 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 337
! e graph of y=f(x) is shown in the xy-plane. What is the value of f(0)? A)0 B)2 C)3 D)4 8
In the $gure above, point B lies on AD . What is the value of 3x? A)18 B)36 C)54 D)729Which of the following is an equation of line ℓ in the xy-plane above? A)x–y=–4 B)x–y=4 C)x+ y=–4 D)x+ y=4

38 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3311A circle in the xy-plane has center (5,7) and radius 2. Which of the following is an equation of the circle? A) B) C) D) ( x − 5 ) 2 + ( y − 7 ) 2 = 4 ( x + 5 ) 2 + ( y + 7 ) 2 = 4 ( x − 5 ) 2 + ( y − 7 ) 2 = 2 ( x + 5 ) 2 + ( y + 7 ) 2 = 2 10! e graph of is shown. If the graph crosses the y-axis at the point (0,k), what is the value of k? A)2 B)6 C)10 D)12 y = 2 x 2 + 1 0 x + 1 2 12In the $gure above, triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF . What is the value of cos( E)? A) B) C) D)1 2 5 1 2 1 3 5 1 2 5 1 3

39 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3313In the xy-plane, the graph of the function 
 has two x-intercepts. What is the distance between the x-intercepts? A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4 f ( x ) = x 2 + 5 x + 4 14What are all values of x that satisfy the equation above? I.1 II.9 A)I only B)II only C)I and II D)Neither I nor II 4 x = x − 3 15
In the system of equations above, a is a constant. For which of the following values of a does the system have no solution? A)–6 B)–3 C)3 D)6− 3 x + y = 6 a x + 2 y = 4

40 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Grid inresult. Fractionline Writeanswerin boxes. For questions 16 – 20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as described below, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, it is suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fill in the circles accurately. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly. 2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 3. No question has a negative answer. 4. Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer. 5. Mixed numbers such as must be gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If is entered into the grid, it will be interpreted as , not .) 6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. Answer: Acceptable ways to grid are: 712 312 123 123 23 Decimalpoint 1 0 .... 1 0 1 0 1 // 71 /2 Answer: 2.5 1 0 .... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 // . 25 2 1 0 .... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 // / 23 1 0 .... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 // 66 .. 6 1 0 .... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 // 6 67 Answer: 201 – either position is correct 1 0 .... 2 3 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 // 0 21 1 0 .... 2 3 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 // 102 DIRECTIONS 6 777777 8888888 6 777777 8888888 6 777777 8888888 6 777777 8888888 6 777777 8888888 777777 8888888 777777 8888888 777777 8888888 6 777777 8888888 777777 8888888 777777 8888888 6 8888888 2222 33333333 33333333 2222 33333333 2222 3333333 33333333 2222 33333333 2222 33333333 2222 3333333 // 3/12// NOTE: You may start your answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don’t need to use should be left blank. 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 39

41 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3318Juan purchased an antique that had a value of $200 
 at the time of purchase. Each year, the value of the antique is estimated to increase 10% over its value 
 the previous year. ! e estimated value of the antique, in dollars, 2 years a #er purchase can be represented by the expression 200a, where a is a constant. What 
 is the value of a? 17If a and b are the solutions to the equation above, what is the value of 2 x + 1 = 5 a − b ? 16A manufacturer shipped units of a certain product to two locations. ! e equation above shows the total shipping cost T, in dollars, for shipping c units to the closer location and shipping f units to the farther location. If the total shipping cost was $47,000 and 3000 units were shipped to the farther location, how many units were shipped to the closer location? T = 5 c + 1 2 f

42 1 A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting 2 children and an additional $3 tip when both children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets the children to bed on time, what expression could be used to determine how much the babysitter earned? A) x8+3 , where xis the number of hours B) x3+8 , where xis the number of hours C) x(8 + 2) + 3 , where xis the number of children D) x3+(8+2) , where xis the number of children 2 x yy 3( + ) = If xy (, ) is a solution to the equation above and y≠0, what is the ratio x y ? A) −4 3 B) −2 3 C) 1 3 D) 2 3 3 x y x y 1 2 −1 4 =10 1 8 −1 8 =19 Which ordered pair xy (, ) satisfies the system of equations above? A) (−112, −264) B) (64, 88) C) ⎛ ⎝⎜⎜⎜ ⎞ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ 232 3 ,224 3 D) (288, 536) 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 46 How would the authors of Passage 2 most likely respond to the “prospect” referred to in line 21, Passage 1? A) With approval, because it illustrates how useful de-extinction could be in addressing widespread environmental concerns. B) With resignation, because the gradual extinction of many living species is inevitable. C) With concern, because it implies an easy solution to a difficult problem. D) With disdain, because it shows that people have little understanding of the importance of genetic diversity. 47 Which choice would best support the claim that the authors of Passage 2 recognize that the “imagination soars” (line 24, Passage 1) in response to de-extinction technology? A) Lines 28-30 (“Th e... news”) B) Lines 30-33 (“Ye t... crisis”) C) Lines 58-59 (“Tha t... altogether”) D) Lines 61-63 (“Fo r... diversity”) STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 11 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 1619Based on the system of equations above, what is the value of 5x+ 5y? 2 x + 3 y = 1 2 0 0 3 x + 2 y = 1 3 0 0 20If u+t=5, and u–t=2, what is the value of ( u − t ) ( u 2 − t 2 ) ?

43 Math Test – Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 4 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE For questions 1-30 , solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38 , solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1. The use of a calculator is permitted . 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. r r r r w w w h h h h h b c a b A = ℓw V = ℓwh A = bh A = pr2 V = pr2h c2 = a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles C = 2pr ℓ ℓ ℓ 1 2 V = pr3 4 3 V = pr2h 1 3 V = ℓwh 1 3 30° 60° 45° 45° 2x x s s x√3 s√2 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2 p. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 42

44 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 411A helicopter, initially hovering 40 feet above the ground, begins to gain altitude at a rate of 21 feet per second. Which of the following functions represents the helicopter's altitude above the ground y, in feet, t seconds a #er the helicopter begins to gain altitude? A) B) C) D) y = 4 0 + 2 1 y = 4 0 + 2 1 t y = 4 0 − 2 1 t y = 4 0 t + 2 1 2A text messaging plan charges a %at fee of $5 per month for up to 100 text messages sent plus $0.25 for each additional text message sent that month. Which of the following graphs represents the cost, y, of sending x texts in a month? A) B) C) D)

45 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 414If 20– x=15, what is the value of 3x? A)5 B)10 C)15 D)353Jake buys a bag of popcorn at a movie theater. He 
 eats half of the popcorn during the 15 minutes of previews. A #er eating half of the popcorn, he stops eating for the next 30 minutes. ! en he gradually 
 eats the popcorn until he accidentally spills all of the remaining popcorn. Which of the following graphs could represent the situation? A) B) C) D)5For the function f de$ned above, what is the value of f(–1 )? A)–2 B)–1 C)1 D)2 f ( x ) = x + 3 2

46 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 417A retail company has 50 large stores located in di"erent areas throughout a state. A researcher for the company believes that employee job satisfaction varies greatly from store to store. Which of the following sampling methods is most appropriate to estimate the proportion of all employees of the company who are satis $ed with their job? A)Selecting one of the 50 stores at random and then surveying each employee at that store. B)Selecting 10 employees from each store at random and then surveying each employee selected. C)Surveying the 25 highest-paid employees and the 25 lowest-paid employees. D)Creating a website on which employees can express their opinions and then using the $rst 50 responses.8! e two graphs above show the total amounts of money that Ian and Jeremy each have deposited into their savings accounts for the $rst seven weeks a #er opening their accounts. A #er they made their initial deposits, how much more did Ian deposit each week than Jeremy? A)$200 B)$100 C)$50 D)$256Which of the following is equivalent to A) B) C) D)2 x ( x 2 − 3 x ) ? − 4 x 2 3 x 3 − x 2 2 x 3 − 3 x 2 x 3 − 6 x 2

47 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4112A book was on sale for 40% off its original price. If the sale price of the book was $18.00, what was the original price of the book? (Assume there is no sales tax.) A)$7.20 B)$10.80 C)$30.00 D)$45.0010A researcher surveyed a random sample of students from a large university about how o #en they see movies. Using the sample data, the researcher estimated that 23% of the students in the population saw a movie at least once per month. ! e margin of error for this estimation is 4%. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion about all students at the university, based on the given estimate and margin of error? A)It is unlikely that less than 23% of the students see a movie at least once per month. B)At least 23%, but no more than 25%, of the students see a movie at least once per month. C)! e researcher is between 19% and 27% sure 
 that most students see a movie at least once per month. D)It is plausible that the percentage of students who see a movie at least once per month is between 19% and 27%.9! e function h is de $ned above. What is h(5)– h(3)? A)2 B)4 C)24 D)28 h ( x ) = 2 x 11! e table above shows two lists of numbers. Which of the following is a true statement comparing list A and list B ? A)! e means are the same, and the standard deviations are di "erent. B)! e means are the same, and the standard deviations are the same. C)! e means are di "erent, and the standard deviations are di "erent. D)! e means are di "erent, and the standard deviations are the same.List AList B122333445465

48 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4113Which of the following colonies showed a decrease in size every two weeks a #er the initial treatment with pesticide? I.Colony A II.Colony B III.Colony C A)I only B)III only C)I and II only D)I, II, and III! ree colonies of insects were each treated with a di "erent pesticide over an 8-week period to test the e "ectiveness 
 of the three pesticides. Colonies A, B, and C were treated with Pesticides A, B, and C, respectively. Each pesticide was applied every 2 weeks to one of the three colonies over the 8- week period. ! e bar graph above shows the insect counts for each of the three colonies 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks a#er the initial treatment. ▼ Questions 14-16 refer to the following information. A survey of 170 randomly selected teenagers aged 14 through 17 in the United States was conducted to gather data on summer employment of teenagers. The data are shown in the table below. Have a summer job Do not have a summer job Total Ages 14–15 20 69 89 Ages 16–17 39 42 81 Total 59 111 170 14 Which of the following is closest to the percent of those surveyed who had a summer job? A) 22% B) 35% C) 47% D) 53% 15 In 2012 the total population of individuals in the United States who were between 14 and 17 years old (inclusive) was about 17 million. If the survey results are used to estimate information about summer employment of teenagers across the country, which of the following is the best estimate of the total number of individuals between 16 and 17 years old in the United States who had a summer job in 2012 ? A) 8,200,000 B) 3,900,000 C) 2,000,000 D) 390,000 16 Based on the data, how many times more likely is it for a14 year old or a 15 year old to NOT have a summer job than it is for a 16 year old or a 17 year old to NOT have a summer job? (Round the answer to the nearest hundredth.) A) 0.52 times as likely B) 0.65 times as likely C) 1.50 times as likely D) 1.64 times as likely ▲ 44 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 45Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following information. ▼ Questions 14-16 refer to the following information. A survey of 170 randomly selected teenagers aged 14 through 17 in the United States was conducted to gather data on summer employment of teenagers. The data are shown in the table below. Have a summer job Do not have a summer job Total Ages 14–15 20 69 89 Ages 16–17 39 42 81 Total 59 111 170 14 Which of the following is closest to the percent of those surveyed who had a summer job? A) 22% B) 35% C) 47% D) 53% 15 In 2012 the total population of individuals in the United States who were between 14 and 17 years old (inclusive) was about 17 million. If the survey results are used to estimate information about summer employment of teenagers across the country, which of the following is the best estimate of the total number of individuals between 16 and 17 years old in the United States who had a summer job in 2012 ? A) 8,200,000 B) 3,900,000 C) 2,000,000 D) 390,000 16 Based on the data, how many times more likely is it for a14 year old or a 15 year old to NOT have a summer job than it is for a 16 year old or a 17 year old to NOT have a summer job? (Round the answer to the nearest hundredth.) A) 0.52 times as likely B) 0.65 times as likely C) 1.50 times as likely D) 1.64 times as likely ▲ 44 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 4514Of the following, which is closest to the ratio of the total number of insects in all three colonies in week 8 to the total number of insects at the time of initial treatment? A)2 to 5 B)1 to 4 C)3 to 5 D)1 to 215A right circular cone has a volume of 24 π cubic inches. If the height of the cone is 2 inches, what is the radius, in inches, of the base of the cone? A)B)6 C)12 D)362 3

49 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4116In 2015 the populations of City X and City Y were equal. From 2010 to 2015, the population of City X increased by 20% and the population of City Y decreased by 10%. If the population of City X was 120,000 in 2010, what was the population of City Y 
 in 2010? A)60,000 B)90,000 C)160,000 D)240,00017! e volume of a sphere is given by the formula 
 , where r is the radius of the sphere. Which of the following gives the radius of the sphere in terms of the volume of the sphere? A)B) C) D) V = 43 π r 3 4 π 3 V 3 V 4 π 4 π 3 V 3 3 V 4 π 3 18Survey Results ! e table above shows the results of a survey in which tablet users were asked how o #en they would watch video advertisements in order to access streaming content for free. Based on the table, which of the following is closest to the probability that a tablet user answered “Always,” given that the tablet user did not answer “Never”? A)0.31 B)0.38 C)0.45 D)0.69AnswerPercentNever31.3%Rarely24.3%O#en 13.5%Always30.9%19In the equation above, a is a constant. ! e graph of the equation in the xy-plane is a parabola. Which of the following is true about the parabola? A)Its minimum occurs at (–3, a). B)Its minimum occurs at (3, a). C)Its maximum occurs at (–3, a) D)Its maximum occurs at (3, a). y = − ( x − 3 ) 2 + a

50 1 Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for time spent playing premium games. Which of the following functions gives Tyra’s cost, in dollars, for a month in which she spends xhours playing premium games? A) Cx x()=5.25 B) Cx x()=5 +0.25 C) Cx x()=5+0.25 D) Cx x()=5+25 2 A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day, the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. Which equation shows the number of packs of bottles, p, sold that day? A) p= 281 −29 6 B) p= 281 + 29 6 C) p= 281 6 −29 D) p= 281 6 +29 3 Rainfall (inches) Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Mar Apr 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall from March to October last year in Chestnut City. According to the graph, what was the greatest change (in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between two consecutive months? A) 1.5 inches B) 2.0 inches C) 2.5 inches D) 3.5 inches 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4120! e maximum value of a data set consisting of 25 positive integers is 84. A new data set consisting of 26 positive integers is created by including 96 in the original data set. Which of the following measures must be 12 greater for the new data set than for the original data set? A)! e mean B)! e median C)! e range D)! e standard deviation 22! e $rst year Eleanor organized a fund-raising event, she invited 30 people. For each of the next 5 years, she invited double the number of people she had invited the previous year. If f(n) is the number of people invited to the fund-raiser n years a #er Eleanor began organizing the event, which of the following statements best describes the function f ? A)! e function f is a decreasing linear function. B)! e function f is an increasing linear function. C)! e function f is a decreasing exponential function. D)! e function f is an increasing exponential function.21Clayton will mix x milliliters of a 10% by mass saline solution with y milliliters of a 20% by mass saline solution in order to create an 18% by mass saline solution. ! e equation above represents this situation. If Clayton uses 100 milliliters of the 20% by mass saline solution, how many milliliters of the 10% by mass saline solution must he use? A)5 B)25 C)50 D)100 0 . 1 0 x + 0 . 2 0 y = 0 . 1 8 ( x + y )

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