[PDF] 2009 ICAS Science Paper E.pdf | Plain Text

Ple AS e See b Ack cove R fo R A liSt of the ye AR level S th At Sho Uld Sit thi S PAP eR E P a PE r do not oPE n this B oo KlEt until instruct Ed. 45 Q uEstions tim E allo w Ed: 1 HOUR stud Ent ’s nam E: Read the instructions on the answ Er sh EE t and fill in your nam E , school and oth Er information . Use a 2B or B pencil. Do not use a pen. Rub out any mistakes completely. You must record your answers on the answ Er sh EE t. Mark only on E answer for each question. Your score will be the number of correct answers. Marks are not deducted for incorrect answers. There are 45 multi Pl E-choic E Q uEstions (1–45). Use the information provided to choose the BE st answer from the four possible options. On your answ Er sh EE t fill in the oval that matches your answer. You may use a calculator and a ruler. 2009

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 2 1. Ben threw rocks of a similar size and mass into a box of level sand to model the effect of meteorites crashing into the Earth’s surface. Which crater was made by the rock that was thrown the fastest? (A) (B) (C) (D) 2. The diagrams show an animal cell and a plant cell. cell membrane nucleus vacuole Plant cell Animal cell vacuole nucleus cell wall cell membrane The presence of which feature distinguishes a plant cell from an animal \ cell? (A) cell membrane (B) cell wall (C) nucleus (D) vacuole 3. The table lists some properties of four minerals. Mineral barite biotite mica calcite cassiterite Appearance when pure white black or brown white or colourless brown or black Hardness soft soft soft hardReaction with dilute acids no fizz no fizz fizzes no fizz Density high low low high Which mineral is soft, does not fizz when it reacts with dilute acids and has a high density? (A) barite (B) biotite mica (C) calcite (D) cassiterite

3 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 4. A spring balance measures the weight and mass of an object. Weight is the force of attraction between an object and the Earth. Weight is measured in newtons (N) and mass is measured in kilograms (k\ g). 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 kg N Spring balance The diagram shows a spring balance measuring the weight of an object. What is the weight of the object in newtons (N)? (A) 0.37 (B) 0.43 (C) 3.7 (D) 4.3 5. The table gives information about the properties of some gemstones. Name HardnessRefractive Index Structure agate 71.53–1.54 trigonal albite 61.54–1.55 triclinic calcite 31.48–1.66 trigonal moonstone 61.52–1.53 monoclinic pearl 31.53–1.68 orthorhombic ruby 91.76–1.77 trigonal Which gemstone has the following characteristics? • hardness greater than or equal to 6 • refractive index less than 1.55 • trigonal structure (A) agate (B) albite (C) moonstone (D) pearl

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 4 6. Below is a diagram of the water cycle. precipitation transpiration evaporation runoff Which two processes lead to an increase of water vapour in the atmospher\ e? (A) precipitation and runoff (B) transpiration and evaporation (C) precipitation and evaporation (D) transpiration and precipitation 7. This spider has a body length of 1 cm. By what factor has this photograph been magnified? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

5 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA for questions 8 and 9 use the information below. The pie charts give information about the causes of health-related death\ s for males and females in Australia in 2002. cancer heart disease stroke respiratory disease other KEY Males Females 8. What do more men die from than women? (A) cancer and heart disease (B) cancer and respiratory disease (C) stroke and respiratory disease (D) stroke and heart disease 9. What fraction of health-related deaths for females was due to heart disease? (A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 3/8 (D) 1/2 10. The diagram shows how a shadow forms. light object screen As the solid object is moved closer to the light, what will happen to th\ e shadow on the screen? (A) It will disappear. (B) It will become larger. (C) It will become smaller. (D) It will stay the same size.

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 6 11. Shanta considered cockroaches a pest. She read on a website that cockroaches preferred particular environmental conditions of temperature, moisture and light. She set up eight environments to investigate which conditions attracted \ the greatest number of cockroaches. cool dry light cool dry dark cool moist dark warm dry light warm moist darkwarm moist light X Y (A) (B) (C) (D) cool cool cool cool dry dry moist moist Conditions for environment X Conditions for environment Y light dark dark light warm warm warm warm dry moist moist dry light light dark dark To make a fair test, what conditions did Shanta need to set for environme\ nts X and Y? cool dry light cool dry dark cool moist dark warm dry light warm moist darkwarm moist light X Y (A) (B) (C) (D) cool cool cool cool dry dry moist moist Conditions for environment X Conditions for environment Y light dark dark light warm warm warm warm dry moist moist dry light light dark dark 12. Vincent took a photograph of a Melissa took a photograph of the same sculpture using sculpture as shown below. the same camera setting at exactly the same time as Vincent. Her photograph is shown below. KEY sculpture Vincent Melissa (A) (B)(C) (D) Which option shows Vincent’s and Melissa’s positions relative to each other and to the sculpture? KEY sculpture Vincent Melissa (A) (B)(C) (D) KEY sculpture Vincent Melissa (A) (B)(C) (D)

7 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 13. Bobby thought that a mixture of iron and copper filings could be separated using a magnet to attract just the iron filings. He carried out the following experiment to test whether his hypothesis w\ as correct. magnet Container 1 iron filings only Container 2 copper filings only Container 3 mixture of iron and copper filings (A) (B) (C) (D) Container 1 none of the filings all of the filings all of the filings none of the filings Container 2 all of the filings none of the filings none of the filings all of the filings Container 3 only iron filings only iron filings only copper filings only copper filings If Bobby’s hypothesis is correct, what will the magnet pick up? magnet Container 1 iron filings only Container 2 copper filings only Container 3 mixture of iron and copper filings (A) (B) (C) (D) Container 1 none of the filings all of the filings all of the filings none of the filings Container 2 all of the filings none of the filings none of the filings all of the filings Container 3 only iron filings only iron filings only copper filings only copper filings 14. When most objects are heated they expand. The flowchart below outlines what happens when an object is heated. particles vibrating gently heat added particles vibrating more rapidly particles push each other further apart the object expands (A) (B)(C) (D) This diagram represents the particles of a solid before it is heated. particles vibrating gently heat added particles vibrating more rapidly particles push each other further apart the object expands (A) (B)(C) (D) Which of the diagrams best represents the particles of the solid after i\ t has expanded? particles vibrating gently heat added particles vibrating more rapidly particles push each other further apart the object expands (A) (B)(C) (D)

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 8 15. The diagram shows the bones of a hand. The view shows a right hand with palm up. ulna radius carpals metacarpals phalanges arm wrist hand skin outline Which bones are found in the palm of the hand? (A) metacarpals (B) phalanges (C) radius (D) ulna 16. The graph and table give information about different types of clouds. Clouds are classified by combining a description of their altitude and characteristics. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Altitude (km) high medium low vertically building Cloud levels Cirro Alto Nimbo Cumulonimbus Types of Cloud cirrus cumulus stratus nimbus wispy heaped layered rain bearing Name Characteristic Which option describes heaped white clouds at an altitude of 7 km? (A) altostratus (B) altocumulus (C) cirrocumulus (D) cirrostratus

9 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA for questions 17 and 18 use the information below. The diagrams below show how the length and width of a foot are measured \ correctly. measure at the longest points cm 0 5 measure at the widest points 18. The table below gives information about shoe sizes for women and men using the US shoe size scale. length of foot (cm) women’s shoe size men’s shoe size 23.3 75½ 23.7 7½ 6 24.1 86½ 24.6 8½ 7 25.0 97½ 25.4 9½ 8 25.8 108½ John wanted to buy a pair of men’s shoes. The photograph below shows his foot at half its actual size. measure at the longest points cm 0 5 measure at the widest points What size shoe should John buy? (A) 7½ (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 9½ 17. What is the actual width of the foot (in centimetres) shown in the scale photograph to the left? (A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 10 19. Sonya investigated how goldfish interact with their environment. She placed some goldfish into three different fish tanks filled with water from the same tap. She kept the tanks in the same room. She placed the same amount of food per fish into each tank daily . She observed the fish for eight weeks. The diagrams show her observations. filter air pump Week 1 Week 8 Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3 Which conclusion about the goldfish would be supported by Sonya’s observations? (A) Goldfish have a lifespan of eight weeks. (B) The more food fish eat, the bigger they grow. (C) In a tank of a particular size, goldfish grow larger if there are fewer of them. (D) The smaller the goldfish, the more of them can be kept in a fish tank of a particular size. 20. The table lists the mineral composition of a granite rock. garnet orthoclase plagioclase pyroxene quartz KEY (A) (B) (C) (D) Mineral Percentage gar net 5 or thoclase 50 plagioclase 25 pyroxene 5 quartz 15 Which graph shows the mineral composition of this rock? gar net orthoclase plagioclase pyroxene quartz KEY (A) (B) (C) (D) Mineral Percentage gar net 5 or thoclase 50 plagioclase 25 pyroxene 5 quartz 15

11 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 21. The table gives information about water at various depths in an ocean. Depth (km) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Temperature (°C) 24 18 4 4 3 Pressure (kb) 0 2 4 6 9 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 23 20 14 8 6 According to the table, which of the following statements is correct? (A) Water pressure increases as dissolved oxygen increases. (B) Water temperature increases as water pressure increases. (C) Water temperature decreases as the depth of the water decreases. (D) Dissolved oxygen decreases as the depth of the water increases. 22. Jake set up two glass jars as shown and placed them in the sun. He recorded the temperature in each jar for two hours. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 C 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 C jar contains carbon dioxide black cardboard inside jar clear plastic thermometer jar contains air Jar X Jar Y greenhouse gases reflection adsorption reflected infrared radiation absorped infrared radiation greenhouse gases atmosphere space KEY space Sun atmosphere greenhouse gases Earth What hypothesis was Jake most likely testing? (A) The temperature in a closed environment remains constant. (B) A closed environment warms faster than an open environment. (C) Carbon dioxide environments warm faster than air environments. (D) Dark coloured environments warm faster than light coloured environments.

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 12 23. Soil pH is a measure of soil acidity or alkalinity. The pH of the soil affects the type of nutrients that are available to plants from soil. Soil that is pH neutral is neither acidic\ nor alkaline. Tim investigated the effect of pH on the germination of a particular type of seed. The diagram shows his experimental setup and his observations for the first five weeks of growth. slightly acidic neutral slightly alkaline Type of soil Observations Week 1 Week 3Week 4 Week 5 Week 2 Tim was unhappy with his results and decided to improve his method. Which change to Tim’s method would not improve the design of his investigation? (A) place three seeds into each of the pots (B) give each plant 250 mL of water each day (C) place the slightly alkaline soil only into a larger pot (D) give each plant the same amount of time in sunlight each day 24. Yeast can be used to make bread. When a yeast mixture ferments, foam appears on the surface. Peter made some yeast mixtures, left them in a covered bowl at room temp\ erature and recorded his observations after 10 minutes. Ingredients in mixture yeast + flour + sugar + ice water yeast + flour + sugar + warm water yeast + flour + sugar + milk from fridge yeast + flour + sugar + warmed milk yeast + flour + warmed milk yeast + flour + boiling water Observation no foam foam no foam foam foam no foam What conclusion can Peter draw from his experiment? (A) Yeast mixtures can ferment only when left covered, at room temperature. (B) Yeast mixtures can ferment only with flour added. (C) Yeast requires a warm liquid to ferment. (D) Yeast requires sugar to ferment.

13 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 25. Marina found that she was often throwing away the end of a loaf of bread because of mould. She decided to test if mould grew faster on brown or white bread. Using the same brand of pre-packaged bread, Marina placed moist pieces o\ f both white and brown bread under a hot lamp and checked for new mould growth every six hours. The purpose of the hot lamp was to (A) provide adequate lighting. (B) keep the surrounding air dry. (C) speed up the growth of mould. (D) generate a variable temperature control. 26. Most flowing water carries solid particles in it. Filters are used to remove the solid particles. • Fine filters have smaller spaces between the substances that make up the filter than coarse filters. • Coarse filters remove large solid particles from the water passing through them. • Fine filters remove small solid particles from the water passing through them. • When a filter is clogged water will no longer flow. The diagram shows four different filters, graded from fine to coarse, in different arrangements. Which arrangement of filters would most likely allow the system to continue filtering the water for the longest period? unfiltered water in filtered water out (A) (B) \ (C) (D) 27. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) chemically reacts with water vapour (H 2O) in the atmosphere to form carbonic acid (H 2CO 3). This is the reason rainwater is naturally slightly acidic. Which set of symbols best shows this reaction? + + + + (A) (B) (C) (D) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) carbon (C) KEY

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 14 for questions 28 and 29 use the information below. Animals are classified into groups. A class is a large group to which many different types of animals belong. They also belong to smaller groups: an order, a family, a genus and a species. A species is a group to which only one type of animal belongs. The class Aves is the group of all birds. The classification key below shows the groups to which six different species of birds belong. class family genus species order Psittacidae Aves Charadriidae Laridae Larus Vanellus Vanellus miles (2) Larus canus (1) Charadiiformes Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua Cacatua galerita (3) Eolophus Eolophus roseicapilla (4) Trichoglossus Alisterus Alisterus scapularis (5) Trichoglossus haematodus (6) (7) (6) (1) (2) (3) (5) (4) 28. To which group do vanellus miles and Cacatua galerita both belong? (A) Aves (B) Cacatua (C) Charadriidae (D) Psittaciformes 29. The photographs show the appearance of the birds in the classification key above (identified by numbers). class family genus species order Psittacidae Aves Charadriidae Laridae Larus Vanellus Vanellus miles (2) Larus canus (1) Charadiiformes Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua Cacatua galerita (3) Eolophus Eolophus roseicapilla (4) Trichoglossus Alisterus Alisterus scapularis (5) Trichoglossus haematodus (6) (7) (6) (1) (2) (3) (5) (4) The photograph below shows the appearance of bird species (7) which belongs to some of the groups in the classification key. class family genus species order Psittacidae Aves Charadriidae Laridae Larus Vanellus Vanellus miles (2) Larus canus (1) Charadiiformes Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua Cacatua galerita (3) Eolophus Eolophus roseicapilla (4) Trichoglossus Alisterus Alisterus scapularis (5) Trichoglossus haematodus (6) (7) (6) (1)(2) (3) (5) (4) To which group is bird species (7) most likely to belong? (A) Laridae (B) Alisterus (C) Psittacidae (D) Psittaciformes

15 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA for questions 30 and 31 use the information below. The density of an object is given by the formula: density = mass ÷ volume Andrea placed a block and a ball into identical containers with the same\ amount of water. The diagram shows what happened. Type of wood bamboogumpine teak Density (kilograms per cubic metre) 0.4 1.0 0.53 0.65 block ball KEY 30. What conclusion can Andrea draw from this information only? (A) The mass of the ball is larger than the mass of the block. (B) The volume of the ball is larger than the volume of the block. (C) The mass and density of the ball are larger than the mass and density of the block. (D) The volume and density of the ball are larger than the volume and density of the block. 31. The table gives the densities of four different types of wood. Type of wood bamboogumpine teak Density (kilograms per cubic metre) 0.4 1.0 0.53 0.65 block ball KEY The scale diagrams below show the relative volumes of a 1 kg mass of the\ four different types of wood. Which option represents pine? (A) (B) \ (C) (D)

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 16 32. The two ends of a magnet are called poles – the north pole and the south pole. Identical poles repel when put together and opposite poles attract. Below are four magnets. X P Y Q W Z Z W Q W (A) south south (B) south north (C) north north (D) north south X and W repel Q and Z attract Y is a south pole. Which option correctly shows the poles Q and W? X P Y Q W Z Z W Q W (A) south south (B) south north (C) north north (D) north south X and W repel Q and Z attract 33. The density of water is approximately 1.0 g/cm 3. Materials less dense than water float. Materials denser than water sink. The table lists properties of some materials. sinker rising rope support buoy pickup rope boat ocean sand Material spectra polystyrene (foam) steel polyester nylon rubber Stretch/rigidity low stretch/flexible rigid rigid low stretch/flexible high stretch/flexible low stretch/flexible Breaking strength very high low very high high medium mediumResistance to salt and ultraviolet light high high medium high highlow Density (g/cm 3) 1.05 0.12 7.80 0.90 1.10 1.25 (A) (B) (C) (D) Part sinker sinker rising rope rising rope Material steel spectra steel spectra Part rising rope rising rope support buoy support buoy Material polystyrene rubber rubber polystyrene Part support buoy support buoy pickup rope pickup rope Material nylon polystyrene nylon polyester The diagram shows the equipment used to attach boats to the ocean floor by a swing mooring. sinker rising rope support buoy pickup rope boat ocean sand Material spectra polystyrene (foam) steel polyester nylon rubber Stretch/rigidity low stretch/flexible rigid rigid low stretch/flexible high stretch/flexible low stretch/flexible Breaking strength very high low very high high medium mediumResistance to salt and ultraviolet light high high medium high highlow Density (g/cm 3) 1.05 0.12 7.80 0.90 1.10 1.25 (A) (B) (C) (D) Part sinker sinker rising rope rising rope Material steel spectra steel spectra Part rising rope rising rope support buoy support buoy Material polystyrene rubber rubber polystyrene Part support buoy support buoy pickup rope pickup rope Material nylon polystyrene nylon polyester Which materials would be most suitable for the different pieces of equipment? sinker rising rope support buoy pickup rope boat ocean sand Material spectra polystyrene (foam) steel polyester nylon rubber Stretch/rigidity low stretch/flexible rigid rigid low stretch/flexible high stretch/flexible low stretch/flexible Breaking strength very high low very high high medium mediumResistance to salt and ultraviolet light high high medium high highlow Density (g/cm 3) 1.05 0.12 7.80 0.90 1.10 1.25 (A) (B) (C) (D) Part sinker sinker rising rope rising rope Material steel spectra steel spectra Part rising rope rising rope support buoy support buoy Material polystyrene rubber rubber polystyrene Part support buoy support buoy pickup rope pickup rope Material nylon polystyrene nylon polyester

17 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA for questions 34 and 35 use the information below. All air contains water vapour in varying quantities. Humidity is the mea\ sure of the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere. A state of saturation exists when the air is holding the maximum amount (\ 100%) of water vapour possible at the existing temperature and pressure. The dewpoint temperature is the temperature to which air would have to cool in order to reach saturation. The graph shows the dewpoint temperature at normal atmospheric pressure \ for some humidities. 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 –1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature (°C) Dewpoint for Various Humidities Amount of water in air (g/m 3) 34. What is the dewpoint temperature (°C) for air containing 15 g/m 3 of water in the air? (A) –5 (B) 0 (C) 12 (D) 18 35. Air from an air conditioner at normal atmospheric pressure contained 10 g/m 3 of humidity at a dewpoint temperature of 11 °C. If air at this temperature contained only 5 g/m 3 of water vapour, its relative humidity would be 50%. What would be the relative humidity of the air if it contained 20 g/m 3 water vapour at a temperature of 30 °C? (A) 100% (B) 66% (C) 33% (D) 20%

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 18 36. The depth chart of a pond is shown below. Contour lines join points of the same depth. Four cross-sections of the pond have been investigated: W – W1, X – X1, Y – Y1 and Z – Z1. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Depth (m) Cross-section 2 4 6 8 1012 4 0 2 W W1 X X1 Y Y1 ZZ1 0 Depth chart of pond KEY 4 contour line The diagram below shows the depths across one of the cross-sections. 02 4 6 8 10 12 14 Depth (m) Cross-section 2 4 6 8 1012 4 0 2 W W1 X X1 Y Y1 ZZ1 0 Depth chart of pond KEY 4 contour line Which cross-section is shown? (A) W – W1 (B) X – X1 (C) Y – Y1 (D) Z – Z1

19 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 37. Weight is a force caused by gravity. weight (n) = mass (kg) × acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2) The drawing shows a scale which measures mass and weight on a certain pl\ anet. 5 00 m ass (kg) weight (N) 800 700 600 120 100 140 160 What is the acceleration due to gravity on this planet in m/s 2? (A) 0.2 (B) 5 (C) 20 (D) 100 for questions 38 and 39 use the information below. The graph represents the change in position of a toy train moving on a s\ traight track. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Change in Position of a Toy Train with Time Time (s) Position (m) ● Q ● R 38. How far has the train travelled from the beginning of its journey (time = 0 s) to point R? (A) 1 m (B) 3 m (C) 4 m (D) 14 m 39. Which statement best describes the train’s motion at point Q? (A) The train is resting. (B) The train is speeding up. (C) The train is slowing down. (D) The train is moving at a constant speed.

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 20 40. A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that are bonded chemically, and joined together in fixed ratios. A chemical formula identifies each element in the compound by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each particle of the compound. The table gives the name and chemical formula of four common chemical co\ mpounds. The key gives the symbol for each of the elements found in the compounds. Chemical compound calcium carbonate sodium sulphate sodium phosphate ammonium nitrate Chemical formula Ca CO 3 Na 2 SO 4 Na 3 PO 4 NH 4 NO 3 KEY Ca C O Na S P NH 4 N calcium carbon oxygen sodium sulphur phosphorus ammonium nitrogen What is the most likely meaning of the affix ’-ate’ at the end of each compound’s name? That the compounds contain (A) three different elements. (B) a chemical called ‘ate’. (C) nitrogen. (D) oxygen. 41. An analogue watch face can be used to find the direction north (N). An observer orientates a watch face so that the 12 o’clock position i\ s pointed at the Sun. The direction halfway between the hour hand and the 12 o’clock position is the dire\ ction north. The map shows the position of an observer, the direction of north (N) from the observer and four possible directions in which the Sun might be found. The watch face shows the time of day of the observation. N W X Y Z observer In which direction was the Sun at this time? (A) direction W (B) direction X (C) direction Y (D) direction Z

21 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 42. The higher the glide ratio of an aircraft’s wings, the further the aircraft will glide when it is released at a certain height. The scale diagram shows four delta-winged model aircraft with different wing shapes. Average chord = ( root chord + tip chord ) ÷ 2 Glide ratio = wingspan ÷ average chord fuselage tail plane weighted nose cone D1 D1 wingspan D3 D3 D2 D2 root chord tip chord D4 D4 The width of a delta wing at the tip chord is often different from the width at the root chord. Where the wing comes to a point at its tip, the tip chord = 0. The formula to find the average chord (average width) is given below . Average chord = ( root chord + tip chord ) ÷ 2 The average chord is then used to find the glide ratio as shown below . glide ratio = wingspan ÷ average chord Each model aircraft was released from the same height under the same con\ ditions. Which option lists the wing shapes in order from the shortest glide dist\ ance to the longest glide distance? (A) D2, D4, D3, D1 (B) D4, D2, D3, D1 (C) D2, D4, D1, D3 (D) D4, D1, D2, D3

2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA 22 43. Filtering separates mixtures of liquids and solids. Liquids that have passed through a filter are called filtrates. Angie read on a website that soil contains materials that are soluble (\ can dissolve) in water. To investigate this, Angie mixed a spoonful of soil from her garden into a glass jar containi\ ng 200 mL of water from her tap. Then she carried out the following steps: Step 1: She filtered the mixture through a coarse filter. Step 2: She filtered filtrate 1 through a fine filter. Step 3: She evaporated the final filtrate (filtrate 2) that was produced. The diagram gives information about the steps taken during this process.\ Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 warming plate fine filter funnel coarse filter fragments of solids fine fragments filtrate 1 filtrate 2 XY filtrate 2 tap water glass jar (A) (B) (C) (D) Filtrate 2 would evaporate leaving nothing small particles that were soluble small particles that were soluble nothing The purpose of the tap water in Jar Y was to ensure there was no soluble material in the tap water to ensure there was no soluble material in the tap water to test whether soluble materials make water evaporate more quickly to test whether soluble materials make water evaporate more quickly If the information she read was correct, what would Angie find when filtrate 2 had evaporated, and what was the purpose of the glass jar of tap water included in step 3? Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 warming plate fine filter funnel coarse filter fragments of solids fine fragments filtrate 1 filtrate 2 XY filtrate 2 tap water glass jar (A) (B) (C) (D) Filtrate 2 would evaporate leaving nothing small particles that were soluble small particles that were soluble nothing The purpose of the tap water in Jar Y was to ensure there was no soluble material in the tap water to ensure there was no soluble material in the tap water to test whether soluble materials make water evaporate more quickly to test whether soluble materials make water evaporate more quickly

23 2009 ICAS Science Paper E © EAA for questions 44 and 45 use the information below. A lever is a simple machine that helps to do work. It consists of a bar t\ hat is free to move about a point, the fulcrum (F). When effort (E) is applied to the bar, the lever moves about the fulcrum helping to move the load (L). By repositioning the fulcrum, effort and load, three different classes of lever are produced as shown below. L LL F F F E E E first class lever second class lever third class lever (A) (B) (C) (D)Figure 1 wheeled hand trailer first class first class second class second class Figure 2 using a paddle second class third class second class third class Class of lever Figure 3 using oars second class first class second class first class Figure 1 moving the boat to the water on a wheeled hand trailer Figure 2 paddling the boat using a paddleFigure 3 rowing the boat using a pair of oars direction of movement oar in rowlock Three methods of moving a boat are shown below. Each method uses a class of lever to help do the work. LLL F F F E E E first class lever second class lever third class lever (A) (B) (C) (D)Figure 1 wheeled hand trailer first class first class second class second class Figure 2 using a paddle second class third class second class third class Class of lever Figure 3 using oars second class first class second class first class Figure 1 moving the boat to the water on a wheeled hand trailer Figure 2 paddling the boat using a paddleFigure 3 rowing the boat using a pair of oars direction of movement oar in rowlock 44. Which class of lever is being used in each case? L LL F F F E E E first class lever second class lever third class lever (A) (B) (C) (D)Figure 1 wheeled hand trailer first class first class second class second class Figure 2 using a paddle second class third class second class third class Class of lever Figure 3 using oars second class first class second class first class Figure 1 moving the boat to the water on a wheeled hand trailer Figure 2 paddling the boat using a paddleFigure 3 rowing the boat using a pair of oars direction of movement oar in rowlock 45. A first class lever changes the direction of the force, that is, a downward force of effort results in an upward force on the load. When levers help do work there is a mechanical advant\ age. Mechanical advantage (MA) of a first class lever exists if the force (E) required to lift a load is less than the downward force of the load (L). Which modification to the first class lever would increase its mechanical advantage? (A) increase the size of the load (L) (B) increase the size of the fulcrum (F) (C) shorten the distance between the fulcrum (F) and the load (L) (D) shorten the distance between the fulcrum (F) and the effort (E)

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