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Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 2 Readi ng Test 6 5 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS Tu r n to S e c t i o n 1 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t to a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1 - 10 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Nina Revoyr, The Age of Dreaming . ©2008 by Nina Revoyr . The narrator describes acting in silent films in the early 1900s. Moran owns the production company that employs the narrator. Line 5 10 15 20 25 It is amusing, in retrospect, to think how primitive our efforts were in those early years. For my first two films, all of the interiors were shot on outdoor sets, with canvases draped over them to soften the sun. All copies of Jamestown Junction have long been lost, but if the film had survived, and if you could see it, you would notice that during the office scene the papers on my desk are disturbed by a mysterious breeze. And in the very next scene, you would see a shadow moving in the corner, caused by the canvas flapping in the wind. These were the conditions in which we shot at that time, and because we worked without the benefit of artificial light, there was always a rush to complete the day’s filming before the shadows grew too deep in the afternoon . In late May, when we endured an unexpected heat wave, Moran had giant ice blocks delivered to the sets, and powerful fans placed behind them to blow the cool air in the direction of the players. If it rained, filming would halt altogether, and we would s cramble to move all the furniture and props under the complex’s few permanent roofs. But despite these challenges, everyone remained in good spirits. We were working, yes, but it felt like play, and it was hard to comprehend the tremendous good fortune tha t had suddenly befallen me. 30 35 40 45 50 55 Through the making of both films, Hanako gave me constant guidance, which I eagerly accepted. And I immediately discerned the difference between myself, an untrained amateur, and a seasoned professional who knew everything about the art of acting. Indeed, she was perhaps the largest influence on my development as an actor. “There is no audience to see you,” she said one day in Japanese, as I gestured expansively to convey my anguish at the death of one of my fellow soldiers. “You don’t need to project like you would in the theater, as if you’re trying to be seen by the person in the last row. Pretend the camera is the one man you’re playing to.” understated, Hanako approached me after Mor an called “cut.” “You’re painting a picture with your body,” she said. “Think of pantomime. You must express physically what you can’t with your voice. And use your face, your eyes. You have such eyes. They alone speak volumes.” although he couldn’t have understood, and I adjusted my actions accordingly. I was surprised by the extent to which he let Hanako direct things — not only my own performance, but also the placement of props, even the movements of the other actors. Yet all of her suggestions improved the films. And between her advice and Moran’s direction, I was slowly learning what to do. The transition from theater, which depends on dialogue, was more difficult than I had imagined — indeed, many stage actors, even those DIRECTIONS CONTINUE 1 1 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 3 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 8 5 9 0 w ho d i dn’t dis da in t h e n ew m ed iu m o f m ovi ng pic tu res, d id n ot m ak e t he c hange succes sfu lly . Ha n ak o M in ato ya was o n e o f th e f e w w ho w as eq ua lly acco mpli she d in b oth r e a lm s. I w as l earn in g un der her tu te la g e e v ery da y. O n cer ta in da ys, when w e w ere n ’t in s cen es, Han ak o a n d I w ou ld leav e t h e s e ts a n d w alk in to t h e hills. T hey w ere vi bra n t w it h c olo r, w it h f lo wers wh ere v er o ne l o oked — blue bro dia ea a nd lupi n, Marip osa li lacs, t he w is p y o ra n ge C alif orn ia p op pies. Th e b eau ty o f th at la n dsca pe, w hen t h e a ir w as c o ol, th e s un glin tin g o ff t h e o ce an , an d t h e breeze ca rr yi ng t h e s cen t of th e f lo w ers , w as s o d ra m atic I co u ld h ard ly b elie ve i t re a l. And I w as s e ein g i t, fe elin g i t, in t h e c o m pan y o f an a rtis t w hose w ork I had a dm ired for y ears . O ne da y o n o ur walk w e w ere d is c u ss in g a w ell- kn own a cto r, an d H an ak o s u rp ris e d m e b y h er re a ctio n t o h is n ame. “H e i s n oth in g b u t a face fo r t h e fan magazi nes,” s h e s a id d is mis siv ely . “H e i s not a gen u in e a cto r.” “ W hat do yo u m ean ?” I a sk ed , alt h ou gh I d id n’t dis a g re e. “ It is i m poss ib le t o d is tin gui sh o n e o f h is ro le s from a n oth er. H e i s alw ay s th e s a me, an d i t is obvi ou s why. I n order to pro je ct a b elie vab le f ic tio n , t he a cto r him se lf m ust h av e sub sta n ce. Y ou m ust p oss e ss so m eth in g i n te rn ally t o p erfo rm i t e x te rn ally . H e h as on ly a fra ctio n o f th e t a le n t of an a rtis t su ch a s yo u .” I w as, o f c ou rs e , d eep ly f la tt e re d b y h er com plim en t, an d I d id n ot kn ow h ow t o r e sp on d. Ha n ak o c o n tin u ed t a lki ng o f th is a cto r a n d t h at, wi th ou t n otin g m y r ea ctio n . 1 T he p ass a g e i s wr it t e n f r o m t h e p ersp ectiv e o f s o m eo n e w ho A ) re a lizes he ca nnot m eet th e c h alle n ges of p iv o tin g t o a n ew ca re er. B ) re g rets not m aki ng m ore o f a n e ffo rt t o a ch ie v e h is pro fe ss io nal g oals . C ) is e n th u sia stic a b ou t re cen t te ch n olo gica l d ev elo pm en ts a ffe ctin g h is pro fe ss io n. D ) is n osta lg ic a b ou t exp erie n ces to w ard t h e b eg inni ng o f h is ca re er. 2 A s u se d in lin e 1 , “p rim it iv e” m ost n early m eans A ) basic . B ) an cie n t. C ) orig in al. D ) natu ra l. 3 T he n arra to r r e fe re n ces Ja m esto wn J u n ctio n ( lin e 5 ) p rim arily i n ord er to A ) hig hlig ht a film that f eatu res a ctin g t hat t he n arra to r a im s t o e m ula te. B ) pro vide c on te x t f or t he t en sio ns t hat l ater s urfa ce b etw een t he n arra to r a nd o th ers o n the s et. C ) co n tr a st th e r e sp on sib ili t ies of th e d ir e cto r a n d t h e a cto rs in f ilm pro du ctio n . D ) sh ow ca se t h e c h alle nges pose d b y f ilm in g i n a n o u td oor s ett in g. 4 It ca n m ost re a so n ab ly b e i n fe rre d f rom t h e p ass a g e t h at, as a y o u n g m an , th e n arra to r att r ib u te d h is e m plo ym en t in f ilm s t o A ) his w ide r ang e o f a ctin g s kills . B ) th e f an b ase h e acq uir e d a s a s ta g e a cto r. C ) a l u ck y h ap p en sta n ce. D ) his f rie ndsh ip wi th H an ak o. 5 W hic h c h oice pro vi des th e b est evi den ce fo r t h e ans wer to t h e p re vi ou s q ues tio n ? A ) Lin es 11-1 5 ( “ T hese . . . afte rn oon”) B ) Lin es 23-2 6 ( “ W e w ere . . . b efalle n m e” ) C ) Lin es 27-2 8 ( “ Throu gh . . . a ccep te d ”) D ) Lin es 28-3 2 ( “And I . . . a ctin g”) 1 1 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 4 6 As u se d in lin e 3 5, “c o n vey” most n early m eans A ) co m muni cate . B ) co n du ct. C ) gui de. D ) exp erie n ce. 7 B ase d o n t h e p ass a g e, in w hat w ay d oes H an ak o m ost d ir ectly in flu en ce t he n arra to r’s d ev elo pm en t? A ) Sh e p ra is e s his sk ill as an a cto r to boo st h is c o n fid en ce. B ) Sh e a d vi se s him o n bal an cin g p opu la rit y wi th a rtis tic i n te g rit y . C ) Sh e sha re s le ss o n s le arn ed f rom h avi ng m ade th e s a m e ca re er sh if t th at he i s m ak in g. D ) Sh e c o n vi nces Mora n t o a llo w t h e n arra to r to t a k e o n m ore prom in en t ro le s in h is film s. 8 W hic h c h oice pro vi des th e b est evi den ce fo r t h e ans wer to t h e p re vi ou s q ues tio n ? A ) Lin es 53-5 6 ( “ Y et . . . to d o”) B ) Lin es 61-6 3 ( “ H an ak o . . . da y”) C ) Lin es 64-6 6 ( “ On cer ta in . . . hills ” ) D ) Lin es 88-89 ( “ I w as . . . r esp on d”) 9 T he p ass a g e i n dica tes th at w hen H an ak o c rit ic izes a w ell- k n own a cto r, th e n arra to r A ) fe ars th at H an ak o will addr ess him wi th t h e s a m e c rit ic is m b u t is r e lie ved w hen s h e p ra is es him i n ste ad . B ) co n cu rs wi th H an ak o’s o p in io n o f th e a cto r b u t is c u rio u s a b ou t th e r e a so n in g b eh in d h er crit ic is m . C ) is d is a p p oin te d t h at H an ak o d oes not re sp ect th e a cto r b u t co n tin u es to a d m ir e t h e a cto r h im se lf . D ) un dersta n ds H an ak o’s a rgum en t b u t r esp ectfu lly d is a g re es wi th h er c harac te riz atio n o f t he a cto r. 1 0 It ca n m ost re a so n ab ly b e i n fe rre d f rom t h e p ass a g e t h at H an ak o b elie ves th at an a cto r’s m erit dep en ds on t h e A ) ca li b er of tr a in in g t h at th e a cto r r e cei ves fr o m m en to rs . B ) dep th o f t he a cto r’s o wn feelin gs a nd p ercep tio ns. C ) actor’ s willin gn ess t o t a k e o n r o les th at oth ers f in d u n ap p ea lin g. D ) actor’ s a b ili t y t o o verlo ok unf av o ra b le a udi en ce r e a ctio n s. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 5 Questions 11 - 20 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Giorgia Guglielmi, “Small News Outlets Influence Us More Than We Think.” ©2017 by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Assessing the influence of news media is tricky. Researchers can’t peer into voting booths or people’s living rooms, and news organizations aren’t typically willing to have outsiders interfere with their content. That’s why it took a team of social scientists 5 years to get 48 U.S. news organizations to agree to run an unusual set of experiments. Instead of simply tracking what the outlets were publi shing and analyzing their impact on public opinion, the researchers took an approach similar to that used in clinical trials to evaluate the effects of new drugs. They manipulated the type of news stories run, and then assigned a “treatment” week when the stories would run and a “control” week when they wouldn’t. This way they could tell whether those particular stories were having any effect on public discussion. Most participating outlets were small, with fewer than an estimated 200,000 pageviews per mont h, and a few were midsized, like the Wisconsin - based magazine The Progressive, which had more than 250,000 pageviews per month. The nonprofit news organization Truthout, based in Chicago, Illinois, represented a large outlet, with an estimated 2 million pa geviews per month. The researchers, led by Gary King of Harvard University, asked groups of two to f ive of t hes e ne ws outlets to write stories on broad policy areas, including race, immigration, and climate. For example, if the broad area was technology po licy, the specific story might be what Uber drivers think about self - driving cars. The outlets could choose the policy area, the stories to cover, and the type of articles to write, such as investigative reports or opinion pieces. However, the researchers could reject a story if it was outside a specific policy area. (The outlets were free to publish whatever story they wanted outside of the experiment.) during which of two consecutive weeks these clusters of s tories, all on the same topic, would run. Finally, they measured the number of tweets about both the specific stories and the broader policy issues during the week when the stories ran compared to the week when they didn’t. 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Tw i t t e r p o s t s o n t h e s e t o p i c s i n creased by nearly 63% over the week in which the stories were posted. On average, Americans wrote more than 13,000 additional social media posts about a specific policy area on the day the stories ran and in the following 5 days. What’s more, the cluster o f stories swayed people’s opinion by 2.3% in the ideological direction of opinion articles, suggesting that news media might in some cases change people’s beliefs. The team repeated the experiment 35 times, and observed that stories boosted posting by men and women alike, as well as by people living in different U. S . r e g i o n s , w i t h d i f f e r e n t p o l i t i c a l o r i e n t a t i o n s a n d influence on Twitter. Removing larger outlets from the analysis didn’t change the effect on public conversation much, suggesting that no singl e large news organization was responsible for the increase. However, if the researchers had recruited large mainstream outlets, the spike in discussion might have been much bigger: When they looked at stories published by The New York Times on little - discu ssed topics, such as how fracking affects the quality of drinking water, they found that Twitter posts about the broader issue of water quality increased by 300% in just 1 day. Though excited by the study, economist Matthew Gentzkow points out that only about 20% of Americans use Twitter, so the results might not be widely applicable outside social media. But to King, Twitter users are a valuable resource to assess the agenda - setting power of media because they represent those people who are willing to speak up to influence policy. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 6 Figur e 1 Figur e 2 Figur es a d ap te d f r o m G ary K in g, B en ja m in S chneer , and A rie l W hit e , “ H ow t he New s M edi a A ctivat e P ublic Exp re ssi on and In fluenc e N at iona l A gen das .” © 2017 by G ary K in g, B enj am in S chneer , a n d A rie l W hit e . 1 1 T he main purpose of the passage i s t o A ) su mmari ze an ope n questi on wit h resp ect to s o cia l m edi a and propos e a study t o exam ine t he question i n g rea ter d ep th . B ) in troduce a commo n m is underst andi ng abou t m ain stream m edi a outle ts and describe a study t hat challenges that misunderstandi ng. C ) out lin e a study t hat com pares trends in s ocia l m edi a u se a m ong diffe rent dem ographi c g roups a nd su ggest an exp la n atio n for t he resu lts o f th at study. D ) describ e a study’s novel w ay o f a ssessin g t he i m pact of n ew s m ed ia o n pub lic o p in io n a nd report th e f indi ngs o f t h at study. 12 A s u sed in lin e 4 , “in terf ere with ” m ost n earl y m ean s A ) oppose. B ) prev en t. C ) m odify . D ) su sp end. 13 W hich choi ce best support s t he i dea t hat the research ers need ed a m ech an is m t o d eterm in e w heth er c hanges i n public opi nion w ere the resu lt o f t he exp erimen ta l sto ries and not so m e o th er f actor? A ) Lin es 1-4 ( “ A ssessing . . . content” ) B ) Lin es 5-7 ( “ T hat’s . . . e xperim en ts”) C ) Lin es 7-11 (“ In ste a d . . . drugs”) D ) Lin es 12-16 (“ T hey . . . d iscu ssion”) 1 1 CONTINUE 0 1 ,0 00 2 ,0 00 3 ,0 00 4 ,0 00 5 ,0 00 1 23 45 6 Modeled Effect of Experimental News Stories on Twitter Posts Days following publication of experimental news stories Number of posts in excess of the average ‒2 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 00 1 2 345 6 Modeled Effect of Experimental News Stories on Twitter Posts, by User Influence Percent change in number of posts as compared to the average Days following publication of experimental news stories high i nfl uen ce a ll u se rs lo w in fl uen ce

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 7 14 It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the design of King’s team’s experiment made it less likely that A) Twitter users would read more stories from participating news media outlets than they usually did. B) news media outlets would be able to choose which stories to publish outside of treatment weeks. C) Twitter users would realize that there was something unusual about the media outlets’ publication output. D) news media outlets would run stories on any particular topic for more than one week. 15 According to the passage, the opinion articles used in the study had what impact on the opinions of Twitter users? A) Twitter users’ opinions changed to be increasingly negative toward a specific policy area over the five - day period following the articles’ B) Twitter users’ opinions changed somewhat toward favoring the articles’ position on the policy area. C) Twitter users’ opinions showed no measurable change throughout the two - week experiment. D) Twitter users’ opinions changed only in respo nse to stories on policy areas that already interested them. 16 As used in line 55 , “boosted” most nearly means A) advanced. B) raised. C) supported. D) improved. 17 The passage most strongly suggests that which additional study would best help to determine more precisely the extent to which news media outlets shape public opinion in the United States? A) A study that examines how influential news media outlets are to people who do not participate in social media B) A study that determines whether u sers on different social media platforms get news from different media outlets C) A study that captures the most common age range of people who use social media to comment on current events D) A study that assesses whether people who participate in social media are more likely to become involved in changing US policy 18 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 54 - 5 8 (“The team . . . Twitter”) B) Lines 62 - 64 (“However . . . bigger”) C) Lines 70 - 73 (“Though . . . media”) D) Lines 73 - 77 (“But to . . . policy”) 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 8 19 According to the model in figure 1, the number of Twitter posts on the relevant topics in excess of the average A) increased from day one to day two following the experimental news stories’ publication. B) was approximately zero by day three following the experimental news stories’ publication. C) was greater than zero for two weeks following the experimental news stories’ publication. D) decreased throughout days one through six fol lowing the experimental news stories’ 20 Which statement best reflects the model in figure 2? A) On day one following publication of the experimental news stories, Twitter users with high influence showed a lower percent change in their number of posts on the relevant topic than did those with low influence. B) On day four following publication of the experimental news stories, Twitter users with low influence had about the same percent change in their number of posts on the relevant topic as all Twitter users. C) On day five following publication of the experimental news stories, Twitter users with high influence posted about as frequently on the relevant topic as they usually did. D) On day six following publication of t he experimental news stories, all Twitter users posted on the relevant topic less frequently than they usually did. Questions 21 - 31 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Clint Perry and Olli Loukola, “W e Taught Bees to Play Football So We Could Learn about Their Brains.” ©2017 by The Conversation US, Inc. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Most people don’t often think about bees’ brainpower. Bees are generally regarded as tiny unthinking machines, flying from flower to flower, genetically pre - programmed to collect pollen and nectar and make honey. But bees have some impressive cognitive capacities. Bumblebees and honeyb ees can count, navigate complex environments, learn concepts, use their uncertainty to guide their decisions, and even display emotion - like behaviour. Recently, bees have also been trained to solve complex cognitive tasks such as string pulling and cap pus hing to gain rewards. But as impressive as these tasks might be, they resemble some of the bees’ natural foraging behaviour. Our research group wanted to test the behavioural limits of bumblebees by tasking them with something far removed from anything the y encounter in nature. So we’ve managed to show that bees can play football. Sort of. We showed that they can learn to move a small ball to a goal to gain a sugary reward. To d o t h i s , w e u s e d a p l a s t i c m o d e l b e e o n t h e e n d of a transparent stick to move a tiny ball across a platform as a real bumblebee watched. When the ball reached a specified location at the centre of the platform, it opened access to rewarding sugar water. After several observations, each real bee we tested picked up how to solve the tas k and no longer needed demonstrations. While mastering this unnatural task was impressive, we were curious to know how the bees were actually learning to solve it. So we tested three further groups of bees. One group of bees watched another previously trained bee move the ball to the centre. A second group of bees observed the ball moving to the centre “by itself ” (we actually used a magnet under the platform to move the ball). And a third group of bees did not receive any demonstration. The movement of the ball with the magnet was enough for so me of the bees to learn the task significantly better than the bees who did not receive any demonstration. But all ten bees observing another bee move the ball to the centre solved the 1 1 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 9 45 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 task m uch q u ic k er an d a t a h ig h er succes s rate t h an eit h er of th e o th er g ro u p s. This su ggests th e o b se rv er be es p ic k ed u p s om eth in g i m porta n t f rom their fello w b ees th at hel ped t h em learn t h is unn atu ra l task . T he desi gn o f th is exp erim en t als o a llo w ed u s t o ask a n ovel q ues tio n in s o cia l le arn in g exp erim en ts : wh en l earn in g f ro m oth ers , will b ees sim ply c op y wh at t hey s ee o r ca n they i m pro ve u pon it? D urin g each o f th e o b se rv atio n tri als , th ere w ere t h re e bal ls po sit io n ed a t v aryi ng d is ta n ces f ro m the cen tr e o f t he pla tfo rm , b ut i t w as a lw ay s t he f u rth est bal l that w as mo ved d u rin g t h e d em on str a tio n . B ut d u rin g t h e t e st tr ia ls, on t h eir own , th e o b se rv er bees alm ost alw ay s mo ved t h e c lo se st bal l to t h e cen tr e . T his su ggests be es w ere n ’t sim ply c op yi ng w hat t hey s aw d urin g t h e dem on str a tio n b u t actua lly i m pro ved o n t h e t a sk b y usin g t h e e a sie st m eans . Ou r c u rre n t fin din gs su ggest wi th c o n vi ncin g evi den ce th at a m in ia tu re b ra in i s n ot n eces sa ril y sim ple , an d ca n s o lv e a n im pre ss iv ely c o m ple x t a sk . In fact, w e a re n ot y et a w are o f a cog nit iv e a bili ty t hat is s p ecif ic t o l a rge b ra in s. W hat’s m ore , n eu ro bio lo gy an d m od ellin g r e se arc h s u ggests t h at a v ery lim it e d nu m ber o f n eu ron s ( ev en ju st a few ) c an a cco mpli sh som e r a th er co m ple x c o gn it iv e t a sk s. W e h av e s how n that b um ble bees c an s olv e a task th ey ’v e u n li k ely e v er se en i n t h eir ev o lu tio n ary his to ry. N o f lo wer h as li kely e ver r eq u ir ed b ees t o move a n o bje ct in to i ts cen tr e t o g ain acces s to n ecta r. Th e f act th at bees l earn ed t h is u n natura l an d com plex ta sk t h ro u gh o b se rv atio n a lo n e a n d c o u ld im pro ve o n w hat th ey s a w , ra th er th an s im ply c o p y wh at t hey o bse rv ed , s how s a n u npre ce den te d a m ou n t of c ogn it iv e f le xib ili ty i n a n a nim al wi th s uch a sm all b ra in . Figur e 1 Figur e 2 Figur es a d ap te d f r o m O lli J. L ouk ola e t a l., “Bum ble b ees S h ow C ogn it iv e Fle xib ilit y b y I m pro ving on an O bse rv e d C om ple x B eh av io r.” © 2017 by A m eric an Asso cia tion fo r t he Advanc em en t o f S cienc e. 1 1 CONTINUE 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 00 1 20 bee trained moved ballmagnet- none Time to Oberver Bee Success in Ball-Moving Task Demonstration Average time to solve task (seconds) 0 0 .1 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5 0 .6 0 .7 0 .8 0 .9 1 .0 bee t r a in ed moved b all ma gn et- non e Demonstration fu rthe st m id d le ne are st Observer Bee Success in Ball-Moving Task Success at solving task (proportion) Ball moved to center

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 10 21 The main idea of the passage is that bees A) learn by mimicking demonstrated behavior. B) have greater cognitive flexibility than most other insects. C) can master simple tasks and then demonstrate them for other bees. D) can learn unfamiliar tasks and then execute them efficiently. 22 Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage? A) An experiment to test an existing hypothesis about bees is presented, that hypothesis is revised based on the experiment’s results, and a new study is proposed. B) An experiment that produces unexpected data about bees is introduced, the source of the data is traced to faulty research design, and a redesigned study is described. C) A generalization about bees is mentioned, information challenging that generalization is noted, and an experiment that deepens understanding of bees is presented. D) A criticism about the lack of research on bees is voiced, a new experiment is proposed in response to that criticism, and a hypothesis for that new experiment is discussed. 23 According to the passage, one reason that bees may have mastered tasks such as string pulling is that the A) bees are exceptionally responsive to sugary rewards. B) bees are quick to copy trained bees in performing such tasks. C) behaviors stimulate a highly developed part of the bees’ brains. D) motions are similar to behaviors the bees perform in natural settings. 24 It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of the bees participating in the initial training activity A) were unable to solve the task after a single demonstration . B) were transfixed by the appearance of the plastic model bee. C) could access the sugar water without moving the ball. D) had no prior experience with goal - oriented tasks. 25 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 19 - 21 (“So we’ve . . . reward”) B) Lines 22 - 24 (“To do . . . watched”) C) Lines 24 - 26 (“When . . . water”) D) Lines 27 - 29 (“After . . . demonstrations”) 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 11 26 Based on the results of the ball - moving tasks, the authors would most likely agree with which statement? A) Bees learn to master new tasks through the process of trial and error. B) Bees develop complex behaviors by learning them in incremental steps. C) Bees learn effectively by observing the behaviors of other bees. D) Bees imitate the actions of other bees and learn by repeating their movements. 27 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 40 - 43 (“The movement . . . demonstration”) B) Lines 46 - 4 9 (“This . . . task”) C) Lin es 50 - 53 (“The design . . . upon it”) D) Lines 59 - 62 (“This . . . means”) 28 As used in line 62 , “means” most nearly means A) instrument. B) approach. C) design. D) results. 29 As used in line 68 , “limited” most nearly means A) reduced. B) small. C) restricted. D) exclusive. 30 Which statement about the bees’ success in the ball - moving task is best supported by the data in figure 1? A) Observer bees benefited from seeing a demonstration of the ball - moving task before attempting to solve the same task. B) Bees that received no demonstration of the ball - moving task required assistance when attempting to solve the task on their own. C) Observer bees that saw the demonstration of the magnet - moved ball solved the task as qu ickly as did bees that received no demonstration. D) Bees that saw the demonstration with the trained bee were the only bees that succeeded at the ball - moving task. 31 According to figure 2, which combination of demonstration type and the ball’s distance f rom the center of the platform yielded the least success in solving the task? A) Trained bee demonstration; furthest ball B) Magnet - moved demonstration; middle ball C) No demonstration; nearest ball D) No demonstration; furthest ball 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 12 Questions 32 - 42 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from a speech delivered in 1841 by Thomas Paul to the Massachusetts Anti - Slavery Society, “Let Us Do Justice to an Unfortunate People.” Paul, a black abolitionist, worked with whi te abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison, who founded the American Anti - Slavery Society in 1833. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 I have often asked myself, what posterity would think of the strange contest in which the abolitionists are engaged. Here we meet, time after time, newspapers are printed and speeches delivered, to prove — what? Why, that a man is a man, and that he is the only human possessor of him self. But these propositions are self - evident propositions, and self - evident propositions we all know, though the most difficult to be proved, are the most easily understood, because they need no proof. The mind sees their truth intuitively, without the ai d of reasoning. The attempt to prove them, therefore, would be ridiculous, were it not for the consideration of the amazing state of delusion and vassalage to which prejudice reduces the mind when unenlightened by reason. The history of every age shows the truth of this assertion. At one time, we see Galileo thrown into prison by the Inquisition, because he had made some discoveries . . . and forced to purchase his liberty by retracting his opinions. . . . When, therefore, we see the control which prejudice , aided by circumstances and encouraged by self - interest, has in times past exercised over the human mind, and the tenacity with which it has held its deluded victims, stopping up the avenues of improvement, clipping the wings of genius, and retarding the progress of truth — when we see the minds whose energies have been crippled, and whose spheres of action have been curtailed by its influence — when we see the tremendous power which reformers have brought to bear against the prevailing sins of the ages in whi ch they lived, the firm opposition they encountered, and the long and arduous struggles which preceded a better state of things — we are led, by analogical reasoning, to believe, that the contest in which we are engaged is not an unnatural one — that it is not so dissimilar in its character and measures to others which have been carried triumphantly through — that the modern champions of freedom do not savor so much of quixotism [impracticality] as their traducers have represented — and that the unfortunate men, wh ose 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 cause they have espoused, have as just a claim to humanity as their oppressors, and like them have been created a little lower than the angels. . . . How was it five years ago in regard to the question of slavery! A gloom hung over the moral atmosphere, which nothing seemingly could dissipate, save a miracle from God himself. All saw it, but no one durst expose his own breast to the pitiless peltings of the gathering storm. The pulpit and the press, instead of being faithful to their trust, were the panders to the general lust. But mind, like matter, must have its legitimate scope. . . . There are always some spirits who will resist such unnatural domina tion. And such a spirit was found in the father of American anti - slavery. In that dark hour, he arose to cheer us on our gloomy pathway. The shafts of criticism, and sarcasm, and denunciation, which rang against his buckler [shield], told only where he sto od up unscathed, in his moral and intellectual might, and bearing down all opposition. The result is well known, nor does Mr. Garrison need any eulogy from me. The task of a reformer is far from being an agreeable one. The hidden springs which are to be to uched by him, and set into motion, are not discernible to common eyes; and, if they were, few would know how to approach or dare to meddle with them. He scatters his truths among the body politic, and the effect is electrical. He is greeted at once with sm iles and frowns, with blessing and cursing, with eulogy and abuse. Now he is almost stifled with the caresses of devoted friends, and anon he is exposed to the fury of a blood - thirsty mob. But, if it is melancholy to see some run mad, we have the gratifica tion to behold others restored to their reason. Much may depend upon accidental circumstances for the success of the reformer, but more depends upon himself. In him are found the great qualities of the head and heart. For the burden of proof is upon him, a nd he is to answer cavils [petty objections], refute sophistry [falsehood], and prove his propositions, while slanderers are crucifying his reputation, and assassins are aiming deadly daggers at his heart. All moral reformations have been attended with mor e or less persecution; but the American abolitionists stand preeminently distinguished in this respect. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 13 32 A central claim in the passage is that A) public resistance to a cause delays the progress of justice by discouraging reformers. B) Garrison is unlike most reformers in that he has been willing to endure constant criticism and abuse. C) reformers face significant challenges in addressing the social injustices of their eras. D) slavery is harder to eliminate than other forms of oppressi on because the press has stifled abolitionist voices. 33 According to the passage, the author considers the campaign of the abolitionists to be “strange” ( ) because it requires them to A) predict how future generations will judge their efforts to end slavery. B) persuade others of a truth that should be very obvious. C) provide evidence that links slavery to the general lack of enlightenment in society. D) propose a course of action that is counter to the beliefs of the audience. 34 The author suggests that abolitionists’ persuasive methods will have to take into account their opponents’ inability to comprehend A) logical arguments. B) appeals to emotion. C) challenges to authority. D) political rhetoric. 35 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 3 - 6 (“Here . . . himself”) B) Lines 6 - 10 (“But these . . . proof”) C) Lines 10 - 11 (“The mind . . . reasoning”) D) Lines 11 - 16 (“The attempt . . . reason”) 36 Which statement best describes the method the author employs in the second paragraph (lines 17 - 4 5 ) to present his argument? A) He accounts for the presence of prejudice by citing a general historical principle. B) He explai ns the current situation by drawing a parallel to past reformers’ experiences. C) He shows that a traditional criticism of past reformers is not applicable to the present situation. D) He disproves the charges made against his fellow reformers by illustrat ing their moral superiority. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 14 37 The description of Galileo’s experiences in lines 1 8 - 21 primarily serves to A) encourage the audience to appreciate the contributions of an earlier reformer. B) introduce an alternative explanation for the pervasive prejudice in society. C) caution the audience about the dangers of espousing revolutionary ideas. D) illustrate a preceding generalization about the effects of ignorance. 38 The passage most strongly suggests that a society dominated by prejudice most likely has which effect on its members? A) They readily become inspired to fight injustice. B) They are prevented from reaching their fullest potential. C) They most commonly feel discouraged and frightened. D) They inev itably become corrupt in their dealings with others. 39 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 21 - 30 (“When . . . influence”) B) Lines 30 - 3 5 (“when . . . things”) C) Lines 47 - 51 (“A gloom . . . storm”) D) Lines 53 - 58 (“But mind . . . pathway”) 40 In context, the phrase “as their traducers have represented” in line s 41 - 42 most strongly suggests that opponents to abolition A) concealed their motives. B) became symbols of ideals. C) distorted the truth. D) misinterpreted an event. 41 The author’s attitude toward Garrison is best described as one of A) deep admiration. B) cheerful gratitude. C) mild impatience. D) grave disappointment. 42 As used in line 70 , “at once” most nearly means A) simultaneously. B) initially. C) correspondingly. D) decisively. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 15 Questions 4 3-52 are bas ed on the fo llo wing passages . P assa ge 1 is a d ap te d f r o m “ F re e -F lo ating Pla n ets M ay B e M ore C ommon Th an S ta rs .” P ublis hed in 2011 by N ationa l A eronaut ic s and S p ace A dm in istr ation. Passa ge 2 is a d ap te d f r o m A sh le y Y eag er, “ F e w er B ig R ogue P la n ets R oam t h e Ga la xy, R ecoun t S h ow s.” © 2017 by So cie ty f o r Sc ie n ce & t h e P u b lic . P assage 1 Lin e 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 A surv ey s ca n ned tow ard t he cen ter o f t he M ilky Way g alaxy durin g 2006 and 200 7, r ev ea lin g e vid en ce for up t o 10 fr e e-flo atin g p la n ets ro u gh ly t h e m ass of Jupi te r. T he i s o la te d o rb s, als o k n own a s orp h an pla n ets, a re d iffi cu lt t o s pot, a nd h ad g on e u ndete cte d until n ow . T he p la n ets a re lo cate d a t a n a vera ge ap pro xim ate d is ta n ce of 10, 000 to 20, 000 lig ht years from E arth . T his c o u ld b e j u st th e t ip o f th e i ceb erg. The t e am estim ates th ere a re a b ou t twi ce as m an y f r e e-flo atin g Jupi te r- m ass pla n ets as sta rs. In addi tio n , th ese wo rld s a re t hou gh t t o b e a t le ast a s c om mon a s pla n ets t hat o rb it s ta rs . T his add s u p t o h und re d s o f billio ns o f l o n e p la n ets i n o ur M ilky W ay g alaxy alo n e. “ Ou r s u rv ey i s l ik e a p opula tio n cen su s,” s a id Davi d B en nett , a c o au th or o f t h e 2011 stu dy. “W e sa m ple d a p ortio n o f t h e g ala x y, an d b ase d o n t h ese data , ca n e stim ate o vera ll n u m bers i n t h e g alaxy .” T he s u rv ey i s n ot se n sit iv e t o p la n ets s m aller th an [w it h lo wer m ass t han ] J upi ter a nd S atu rn , but theo rie s su ggest lo wer- m ass pla n ets li ke E arth s h ou ld be e je cte d f rom their s ta rs m ore often. A s a resu lt , th ey a re t h ou gh t to b e m ore c o m mon t h an f r e e- flo atin g J upi te rs . P re vi ou s o b se rv atio n s s p ott e d a h an dfu l o f fr e e- flo atin g p la n et- li k e o bje cts w it h in s ta r- fo rm in g clu ste rs , wi th m ass es th re e t im es th at of Jupi te r. B ut sc ie n tis ts su sp ect t h e g ase o u s b od ies f orm m ore li ke sta rs t h an p la n ets. These s m all, d im o rbs, calle d brown dwarfs, g ro w from colla p sin g bal ls o f g as a nd dust, b ut l ack t he m ass t o ign it e t heir n ucle ar f u el a n d sh in e w it h s ta rlig ht. It i s t h ou gh t t h e s m alle st bro wn dw arfs a re a ppro xim ate ly t he s ize o f l arg e p la n ets . O n t h e o th er han d, i t is l ik ely t h at so m e p la n ets are e je cte d f r o m t h eir e arly , turb ule n t so la r syste ms, du e t o c lo se g ra vi ta tio n al e nco u nte rs wi th o th er pla n ets o r s ta rs . W it h ou t a sta r t o cir cle , t hese p la n ets wou ld m ove t hro u gh t he g alaxy a s o ur s un a nd o th er sta rs d o, in s tabl e o rb its aro u n d t h e g ala x y’s cen te r. T he d is c o very o f 10 fr e e -flo atin g J upi te rs su pp orts 4 5 th e e je ctio n s cen ario , th ou gh i t ’s poss ib le b oth mech an is m s are a t pla y. “ If fr e e-flo atin g p la n ets fo rm ed lik e s ta rs, th en we wo u ld hav e e xp ecte d to s ee o nly o ne o r t w o o f t hem in o u r s u rv ey i n ste ad o f 10, ” B en nett sa id . “Ou r re su lts su ggest t h at p la n eta ry sys te m s o fte n b eco m e un sta b le , w it h p la n ets b ein g k icked out from their pla ces o f b ir th .” P assage 2 50 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 8 5 In a n ew stu dy, P rzem ek M ró z of t he Astron om ica l Ob se rv ato ry o f t he U niv ers it y o f Wa rs a w and c olle agues e stim ate d t he n um ber o f la rge , rogu e p la n ets i n o u r g alaxy usin g a t e chni qu e ca lle d m ic ro le n sin g. W hen a n o bje ct wi th a m ass o f a pla n et p ass es i n fron t o f a d is ta n t, b ack gro u n d s ta r, th e g ra vi ty o f th e p la n et acts as a g ra vi ta tio n al ma g n if yi ng g la ss. It dis to rts an d f o cu se s th e lig ht, givi ng u p th e p la n et’s exi ste n ce. M ró z a nd c olle agues lo oked a t 2 ,617 m icro le nsin g even ts r e co rd ed b etw een 2010 an d 2015 an d dete rm ined w hic h w ere c au se d b y a r ogue p la n et. For every t y p ica l sta r, ca lle d m ain s e q u en ce sta rs , th ere are 0 .25 fr e e-flo atin g J upi te r- m ass pla n ets, th e an alysi s s u ggests . T he n ew r e su lt sha rp ly c o n tr a sts a n e stim ate pu bli sh ed in 2011, w hic h s uggeste d t hat r ogue Jupite rs are a lm ost t wice a s c om mon a s m ain seq u en ce sta rs . A bou t 90 percen t o f s ta rs i n t h e un iv ers e a re m ain seq u en ce s ta rs , s o if that e stim ate were a cc u ra te, t here s hou ld be a lo t o f f re e-flo atin g Jupi te rs . “ T hat re su lt ch ang ed o ur co n cep tua l fr a m ew ork of t he uni vers e j u st a l it t le b it ,” s a ys astron om er Michael L iu o f t he U niv ers ity of H aw aii . I t c halle nge d lon g-h eld id ea s a bou t h ow p la n ets g o r ogue becau se th e k n own m eth od s w ou ld n’t gen era te e n ou gh pla n ets t o a cco unt f or a ll t he w an dere rs . T he 2011 re su lt w as b ase d o n a r e la tiv ely s m all sa m ple o f m ic ro le n sin g e v en ts, on ly 474. Sin ce th en , in fr a re d t e le sc o p e i mag es hav en ’t dete cte d a s m an y fre e-flo atin g p la n ets as exp ecte d . “O ver th e y ears, se rio u s d ou bts were ca st o ver th e c la im s o f a l a rg e po p u la tio n o f J upi te r- m ass fr e e-flo ate rs ,” M ró z s a y s. D avi d B en nett , co au th or o f t h e 2011 stu dy, ag re es th at th e n ew cen su s fa ile d t o f in d e vi den ce fo r a l a rg e po p u la tio n o f J upi te r- m ass rogue pla n ets. He n ote s, ho w ev er, th at th e n ew da ta do re v ea l fo ur tim es as ma n y J upi te r- m ass fa ile d s ta rs ca lle d b ro w n d w arfs th an pre dic te d in t h e o rig in al cen su s. So s o m e o f th e CONTINUE 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 16 90 95 rogues that were originally classified as planets may, in fact, be failed stars. Liu says the latest census is much more in line with theories of how planets form. Most rogues should be Earth - mass or a little heavier. Those lighter planets get tossed out of their planetary systems much easier than behemoths like Jupiter. 43 Do the results of the survey described in Passage 1 support the conclusion that there are twice as many Jupiter - mass free - floating planets as Earth - mass ones? A) Yes, because the survey demonstrates that there are more Jupiter - mass free - floating planets than were previously assumed. B) Yes, because the survey accurately estimates the number of free - floating planets in the galaxy. C) No, because the survey shows that there are more Earth - mass free - floating planets than Jupiter - mass ones. D) No, because the survey does not include direct information about Earth - mass free - floa ting planets. 44 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 1 - 4 (“A survey . . . Jupiter”) - 11 (“This . . . stars”) 20 - 2 3 (“The survey . . . often”) D) Lines 2 6 - 30 (“Previous . . . planets”) 45 According to Passage 2, Mróz and colleagues analyzed microlensing events to A) confirm the results of Bennett and his colleagues’ 2011 survey of free - floating planets. B) discover the minimum required mass for a planet to be detected in front of a distant, background star. C) compare the relative sizes of main sequence stars and large, free - floating planets. D) determine how many big, free - floating planets exist in the Milky Way galaxy. 46 As used in line 5 8 , “giving up” mo st nearly means A) transferring. B) abandoning. C) interrupting. D) revealing. 47 As used in line 7 7 , “account for” most nearly means A) explain. B) comprise. C) locate. D) identify. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 17 48 The sixth paragraph of Passage 2 (lines 84 - 91 ) serves as both A) a corroboration of recent results and a suggestion of a potential flaw in the method used to arrive at them. B) a criticism of the method used in a recent experiment and a recognition of the method’s technical sophistication. C) an acknowledgment of recent findings and an explanation for how they might reflect on previous findings. D) a revision of a previou s claim and a rebuttal of a criticism of a previous research study. 49 Which choice best describes the relationship between the two passages? A) The results of a study outlined in Passage 2 challenge the results of a study outlined in Passage 1. B) The scientists discussed in Passage 2 extended the research presented in Passage 1 into a new field of study. C) The data shown in Passage 2 support the hypothesis put forth by the research team in Passage 1. D) The researchers of Passage 2 identified variable s that the researchers of Passage 1 failed to consider. 50 On which point about free - floating Jupiter - mass planets do the passages most clearly disagree? A) Whether there are free - floating Jupiter - mass planets B) How many free - floating Jupiter - mass planets there are C) Whether Jupiter - mass planets can distort and focus light D) How similar brown dwarfs are to Jupiter - mass planets 51 Which choice from Passage 2 provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 50 - 5 4 (“In a . . . microlensing”) B) Lines 59 - 61 (“Mróz . . . planet”) C) Lines 65 - 6 8 (“The new . . . sequence stars”) D) Lines 94 - 96 (“Those . . . Jupiter”) 52 Which scientific idea is suggested in both passages? A) Lower - mass planets are more likely to be ejected from their stars than Jupiter - mass planets are. B) Brown dwarfs do not possess enough mass to produce their own sources of light. C) Free - floating Jupiter - mass planets are nearly as common as planets that orbit stars. D) Rogue planets are easily co nfused with Jupiter - mass failed stars by astronomers. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 1 1

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 18 Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Tu r n to S e c t i o n 2 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t to a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is. Questions 1 - 11 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. Benefits of Dress Code Flexibility In July 2016 the coffee shop chain Starbucks instituted a new policy to relax its dress code. The decision — allowing employees to customize their previously uniform looks with such accessories as hats and colorful socks — 1 reflects workplaces across the United States. From retail services to large corporate 1 A) NO CHANGE B) reflects a new trend in C) reflects a new trend, or tendency, in D) is reflective of a new, national trend in 2 2 DIRECTIONS CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 19 offices, employers are finding that flexible dress codes can make a company more attractive to potential 2 workers ; boosting morale among current employees. Given these benefits, more employers ought to embrace the trend of relaxed dress codes. There are a number of reasons why job applicants might favor companies that allow for some degree of flexibility in workplace attire. Having the option to dress casually can mean greater physical comfort. Also, being able to personalize otherwise identical uniforms with unique flourishes can enhance happiness by allowing 3 them to retain a greater sense of personal identity in the workplace. 2 A) NO CHANGE B) workers, additionally, they can boost C) workers. And boosting D) workers and boost 3 A) NO CHANGE B) him or her C) employees D) the flourishes 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 20 4 Individuals’ motives may vary, but job recruiters are finding that many potential employees do indeed share a preference for flexible dress codes, and embracing this preference could help companies attract a wider range of talent. According to a 2016 study, 5 essentiall y none of those surveyed wanted to be employed by a company with a relaxed dress code: 31 percent of respondents reported that they would prefer a company with a business casual dress code, and a further 27 percent reported that they would prefer a casual d ress code or no dress code at all. 6 Employee Survey on Office Dress Codes Statement* Percent agreeing I would prefer to work at a company that has a formal dress code. 18% I would prefer to work at a company that has a business casual dress code. 31% I would prefer to work at a company that has a casual dress code or no dress code. 27% A company’s dress code doesn’t impact my decision to work there. 23% To t a l 99% *Workers responded to the question “Which of the following statements most closely describes how a company’s dress code impacts your decision to work there?” Adapted from OfficeTeam, “Casual Dress Code in Fashion at Work.” ©2016 by Robert Half International Inc. 4 A) NO CHANGE B) Individuals motives C) Individual’s motives D) Individuals motives’ follows in the sentence with an accurate interpretation of data from the table. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) all C) fewer than a quarter D) more than half 6 At this p oint, the writer is considering adding the following sentence based on information from the table. Only 18 percent preferred a more formal dress code at work. Should the writer make this addition here? A) Yes, because it provides additional evidence that supports the writer’s argument. B) Yes, because it refutes an opposing point of view referred to elsewhere in the paragraph. C) No, because it misinterprets the information in the table. D) No, because it provides loosely related information that interrupts the discussion in the paragraph. 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 21 In addition to making companies more appealing to potential employees, 7 dressing casually can also be a fun way to express one’s individuality. When the accounting firm Crowe Horwath LLP asked workers what changes they would like to see in the 8 workplace , and workers said that dressing casually would help them most 9 with, “being comfortable, being engaged, and being productive,” said chief people officer Julie Wood. The firm started allowing workers to wear jeans and other relatively casual attire, and the response from employees was overwhelmingly positive. “With our change in dr ess, the level of excitement and feedback from our people has been really phenomenal,” Wood said. 7 Which choice most effectively introduces the main idea of the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) relaxing dress codes can also help businesses broaden their customer bases. C) forgoing formal work attire can also result in fewer conflicts between coworkers. D) instituting a flexible dress code can also improve current employees’ morale. 8 A) NO CHANGE B) workplace, C) workplace; D) workplace, while 9 A) NO CHANGE B) with C) with: D) with; 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 22 Of course, formal workplace attire is 10 appropriate and even required in some contexts. For example, job interviews and client meetings often require professional clothing. 11 However, in certain occupations, such as law enforcement, uniforms without personal embellishments are still necessary. When poss ible, though, companies should consider relaxing dress codes and allow flexibility, a move that is likely to benefit both employees and companies. 10 A) NO CHANGE B) admissible C) unexceptional D) genuine 11 A) NO CHANGE B) Furthermore, C) Incidentally, D) Conversely, 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 23 Questions 12 - 22 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. Shedding Light on the Problem Plant - pollinating insects are essential to the reproductive process of many flowering plants, but the numbers of these insects are declining around the world. Interestingly, a 2017 ecological study led by Dr. Eva Knop suggests that artificial lighting, the modern convenience that 12 illuminates many streets, storefronts, and athletic fields, may be contributing to the decline of these organisms. [1] Daytime pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, have many well - documented threats, so Dr. Knop’s team sought to investigate a potential threat to nocturnal 13 pollinators ; artificial light. [2] To d o s o , t h e t e a m located samples of the thistle plant Cirsium oleraceum , which is pollinated by insects, in mountain meadows that are ordinarily dark at night. [3] Before the plants’ flowering began, some of the plants were covered with mesh bags to 14 o utl aw visits from 15 pollinators , however, others were left unbagged. [4] The scientists measured how much fruit each plant produced over the course of its life cycle. 16 12 A) NO CHANGE B) illuminate C) are illuminating D) have illuminated 13 A) NO CHANGE B) pollinators: C) pollinators D) pollinators, 14 A) NO CHANGE B) oppose C) prevent D) revoke 15 A) NO CHANGE B) pollinators, while C) pollinators, meanwhile, D) pollinators so that 16 The writer wants to add the following sentence to this paragraph. Half of the plants in each category were then illuminated during the nighttime hours. The best placement for the sentence is A) after sentence 1. B) after sentence 2. C) after sentence 3. D) after sentence 4. 2 2 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 24 Where a s t h e u n bag ged p la n ts ’ fr u it pro du ctio n ch ang ed s ig n if ica ntly wi th l i g h t exp osu re , th e b ag ged pla n ts s aw n o s uch e ffe ct. 1 7 T he b ag ged p la n ts c o u ld n’t b e vi sit e d b y p ollin ato rs . B eca use o f t hat f act, t he b ag ged pla n ts s e lf - fe rtiliz ed a n d t h u s av era g ed o n ly a b ou t 1 8 15 fr u it s p er pla n t in da rk s it es bu t 85 fr u it s p er p la n t in ill um in ate d s it es. On t h e o th er han d, u n bag ged p la n ts fr o m t h e da rk s it es pro duce d a n a v era ge o f 90 fr u it s p er pla n t, w here a s 1 9 b ag ged p la n ts t hat w ere e xp ose d to artif ic ia l lig ht pro du ce d a n a vera ge o f 78 fru its p er pla n t— a 13 percen t declin e i n f r u it pro du ctio n f o r p la n ts th at w ere ill um in ate d a t n ig h t. From t h ese r e su lts, th e re se arc h ers c o n clude d t h at n octu rn al p ollin ato rs w ere av o id in g t he u nbag ged p la n ts in the i llu m inate d s it es, 2 0 w hic h a ffe cte d t he o vera ll yi eld o f th e p la n ts . A dap ted fr o m E va K n op et a l., “A rtif ic ia l L ig ht at Nig ht as a N ew T h re at to P o llin atio n .” © 2017 b y E va K nop et a l. 1 7 W hich choi ce most effectivel y com bin es t he sen tences at th e underlin ed porti on? A ) The bagged pla n ts coul dn ’t be vis ited by p ollinato rs, so t he la ck o f p ollin ato rs m ea n t t hey B ) Bein g t h at th ey were unabl e t o be vis ite d by p ollinato rs, the bagge d p lants therefo re C ) The pollin ators coul dn ’t vis it the bagged pla n ts , a nd t hose pla n ts D ) Becau se they cou ldn’t be vis ite d by pollin ators, t he bagged plant s 1 8 W hich choi ce provi des accurat e i n form atio n from t he graph? A ) NO CHANGE B ) 15 fru its per plant whet her they were i n dar k s ites or C ) 20 fru its per plant in dar k site s but 80 fru its per p lant in D ) 100 fru its per plant whet her they were i n dar k s ites or 1 9 W hich choi ce most accurat ely represen ts t he i n form atio n in th e graph? A ) NO CHANGE B ) bagge d p lants fro m th e dar k sites C ) un bagge d p lants fro m the illu minate d s ites D ) un bagge d p lants t h at w ere not expo sed to artific ia l lig ht 2 0 W hich choi ce pro vid es the best tra n sit ion to t he par agraph that f ollo ws? A ) NO CHANGE B ) but th ese polli nators w ere regula rly visiting t he u n bagge d p lants in the dark s ites. C ) alth ou gh th e research ers hop e t o in vestigat e t h is resu lt f u rth er. D ) and daytim e p ollinato rs were n ot making up f or t he l oss. 2 2 CONTINUE Fruit Production in Cirsium oleraceum Average number of fruits per plant 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 00 1 20 1 40 b ag ged p la n ts un bag ged p la n ts d ark s it e s illu mi nate d s it e s

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 25 The scientists also found that the decline in nighttime pollination visits 21 coincided with a decline in visits from daytime pollinators. The precise cause for this dual decline was unclear; one possibility is that the plants were less nourishing to daytime pollinators when no longer visited by nighttime pollinators. Whatever the reason, artifici al illumination clearly has adverse effects on plant pollination, and the increasing 22 presents of artificial lighting may pose a major problem for biodiversity. “Urgent measures must be taken, to reduce the negative consequences of the annually increa sing light emissions on the environment,” says Dr. Knop. She is hopeful that further research will focus on ways to reduce excessive light and revive populations of nighttime pollinators. 21 A) NO CHANGE B) coexisted to C) corresponded for D) correlated in 22 A) NO CHANGE B) presents in C) presence of D) presence in 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 26 Questions 23 - 33 are based on the following passage. The Filtered Net Search engines make it easy for us to keep up with current issues, but the information we find may not be as objective as it appears. Many search engines collect data from users, such as their locations and search 23 histories, they use what they gather to filter search results. This invisible customization may create what media CEO Eli Pariser has termed a “filter bubble,” a biased worldview that is 24 reinforced when it is consistently confirmed rather than challenged. It is importan t, especially with regard to political issues, that search engines make their filtering practices 25 explicit . When search engines make them explicit, users can be aware of potential biases when making important decisions, especially when those decisio ns 26 are shared with friends and family members on social media. 23 A) NO CHANGE B) histories; and using C) histories they use D) histories, and use 24 A) NO CHANGE B) enlarged C) defended D) emphasized 25 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) explicit, whereas B) explicit, which has the result that C) explicit so that D) explicit: this is an outcome that helps ensure 26 Which choice best sets up the main argument of the passage? A) NO CHANGE B) are made based on misleading statistics found online. C) impact civic duties such as candidate selection and voter opinion. D) have long - term effects that may not be easy to measure. 2 2 CONTINUE 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 27 Psychologist Robert Epstein has shown how filtered 27 results, can lead to political biases. In an experiment conducted before the 2014 general election in India, Epstein created a fake search engine and asked 2,000 undecided voters to use it to research candidates running for the office of prime minister. Voters were divided in to three groups, and each group was presented with results favoring a different major - party candidate. Participants whose searches favored a given candidate 28 w as 12 percent more likely to report a positive view of that candidate than were participants in other groups. While there is no evidence that commercial search engines intentionally skew their results in favor of certain candidates or 29 positions, filters based on 30 user’s browsing history’s could produce similarly slanted results. 27 A) NO CHANGE B) results can lead to: C) results, can lead to, D) results can lead to 28 A) NO CHANGE B) has been C) were D) are 29 A) NO CHANGE B) positions, however, C) positions D) positions, however 30 A) NO CHANGE B) users’ browsing history’s C) users browsing histories D) users’ browsing histories 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 28 31 This possibility is especially troubling because most users think their searches display the full spectrum of perspectives on an issue. The vast majority of participants in Epstein’s experiment — 99.3 percent — did not recognize the bias in their results. 32 Politician s hope to counteract this: a 2012 su rvey from the Pew Research Center indicated that 66 percent of respondents believed that results obtained through a search engine represent all available information rather than a personalized selection. Filtering is essential to search engines because the sheer volume of information on the Internet makes it impossible to display more than a small portion of all relevant results. But in the case of political information, it is important for users to be aware of the existence of filters and of the factors th at might bias results. If search engines published this information 33 — by displaying a warning that results are selected based on user preferences, for example — users would be better able to read political coverage online with an appropriately critical eye and thus base their political beliefs on a fuller range of information. 31 Which choice provides the best transition from the previous paragraph to the information that follows? A) NO CHANGE B) The study therefore appears to contradict the idea that C) Election outcomes are nevertheless unaffected, since D) Search engine designers assume that 32 A) NO CHANGE B) But there are mitigating factors: C) And this finding was by no means atypical: D) This was subsequently reversed: 33 The writer is considering deleting the underlined phrase, adjusting the punctuation as needed. Should the phrase be kept or deleted? A) Kept, because it introduces an additional point about filter bubbles that is developed in the paragraph. B) Kept, because it supports the passage’s argument about search engines by offering a potential solution. C) Deleted, because it blurs the focus of the passage by introducing information unrelated to politics. D) Deleted, because it repeats information about search engine filters that appears earlier in the passage. 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 29 Questions 34 - 44 are based on the following passage . Oglala Lakota Art Gets Rolling A 2015 study led by First Peoples Fund, an organization dedicated to supporting indigenous 34 artists revealed that roughly four out of ten households on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota had home businesses centered on arts or handicrafts. This finding reflects the deeply rooted importance of art within the reservation’s Oglala Lakota cult ure. However, the study also concluded that the vastness of the reservation limited local artists’ ability to collaborate with one another, find mentors, and sell their art. 35 Regardless of these discoveries, First Peoples Fund worked with a group of o rganizations and supporters to implement a plan for strengthening the creative economy of the reservation. The outcome of the organizations’ combined efforts 36 have been Rolling Rez Arts, a bus that would serve as a mobile space to support artistic col laboration and 37 forge critical partnerships with local financial institutions. 34 A) NO CHANGE B) artists: C) artists — D) artists, 35 Which choice provides the most effective transition from the previous sentence to the information that follows in this sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) With its headquarters in Rapid City, South Dakota, C) In light of the study’s results, D) Founded in 1995, 36 A) NO CHANGE B) were C) are D) was 37 Which choice best states one of the main points of the passage? A) NO CHANGE B) create new commercial opportunities for artists in the area. C) provide access to computers for people who need them. D) offer entrepreneurship classes for people living on the reservation. 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 30 Rolling Rez Arts itself was a collaborative work of art by Oglala Lakota artists. Donald Montileaux, 38 a 2014 inductee into the South Dakota Hall of Fame, was selected to give the bus a distinctive appearance. He created a lavish design for the 39 bus. This design, intended for the sides of the bus, had vivid pictograms of running buffalo inspired by the narrative scenes of ledger art. After Montileaux produced drawings of the design, an Oglala Lakota graphic artist adapted them to fit the bus, helping transform 40 its exterior into a brilliant, traveling canvas. 38 Which choice gives information about Montileaux that best supports the paragraph’s discussion? A) NO CHANGE B) a practitioner of the traditional Plains Indian art form known as ledger art , C) an artist whose work has been featured in galleries in New Mexico, Minnesota, and Arizona, D) a cover illustrator for several books by Joseph M. Marshall III, 39 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) bus, the sides of which would include vivid running - buffalo - inspired pictograms, suggested B) sides of the bus, with vivid pictograms of running buffalo inspired C) bus’s sides, and this design featured running buffalo, in vivid pictogrammatic form, suggested D) sides of the bus — in these places would be vivid pictograms of running buffalo inspired 40 A) NO CHANGE B) their C) one’s D) his 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 31 With the eye - catching collaboration complete, the bus was ready to begin journeying across the far - flung communities of the reservation. The bus’s versatile interior allows artists to work together on projects, study with mentors, and even set up bank acco unts to help grow their art as a business. The bus also hosts a gift shop whose manager buys works on - site to sell elsewhere along the bus’s travels, 41 enhancing artists’ ability to benefit financially from their art. Local artist and 42 rancher , To n y Richards used to have to drive more than an hour to reach a local cultural center, where he sold his jewelry at the gift shop. “A lot of times I didn’t have time to go over there,” Richards said. Now, with Rolling Rez Arts, the shop travels to him. 41 A) NO CHANGE B) exalting C) embellishing D) exaggerating 42 A) NO CHANGE B) rancher Tony Richards C) rancher Tony Richards, D) rancher, Tony Richards — 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 32 While the organizations behind the project ultimately aim to open a permanent art space and gallery on the reservation to serve as a fixed cultural 43 hub; the art in motion of Rolling Rez Arts will continue. As 44 W arren “Guss ” Yellow Hair, an artist trainer for First Peoples Fund, said, “What I do is contact some of the established artists and utilize some of their skills.” B) hub, and while C) hub, and D) hub, 44 The writer wants to incorporate a direct quotation into a conclusion that summarizes and reflects upon the main idea of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) Jeremy Staab , the program manager of First Peoples Fund, said, part of the success of Rolling Rez Arts depends on “thinking about asset building” residents “comfortable with banking.” manager of First Peoples Fund, said, Rolling Rez Arts “provides access to capital” and addresses other needs in the community as it passes through the space where the community resides, which “is beautiful to think about.” les Fund, said of the founding of Rolling Rez Arts, “We had a conversation about doing something on wheels.” If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 2 2

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 33 No Test Material On This Page

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 34 Math Test – N o Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS Tu r n to S e c t i o n 3 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t to a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s section. CONTINUE 3 3 .BUI 5FTU o /P $BMDVMBUPS  .*/65&4  26&45*0/4 5V S O U P 4 F D U J P O  P G ZP V S B O T XF S T I F F U U P B O T XF S U I F R V F T U J P O T J O U I J T T F D U J P O  'PS RVFTUJPOT  , solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. 'PS RVFTUJPOT  , solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1. The use of a calculator is not permitted . 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. r r r r w w w h h h h h b c a b A = ℓw V = ℓwh A = bh A = pr2 V = pr2h c2 = a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles C = 2pr ℓ ℓ ℓ 1 2 V = pr3 4 3 V = pr2h 1 3 V = ℓwh 1 3 30° 60° 45° 45° 2x x s s x√3 s√2 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2 p. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.  Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. $0/5*/6&  CONTINUE CONTINUE 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 35 1 What is the positive solution to the given equation? A) 9 B) 10 C) 41 D) 51 2 What value of satisfies the given equation? A) 4 B) 8 C) 9 D) 16 3 A line in the xy - plane has a slope of and passes through the point Which is an equation of the line? A) B) C) D) 4 From 1990 to 2001, German currency included coins called pfennigs, worth 1 pfennig each, and groschen, worth 10 pfennigs each. Which equation represents the number of pfennig coins, and groschen coins, that have a combined value of 85 pfennigs? A) B) C) D) x 2 + 1 0 = 9 1 x + 7 = 3 ( x − 3 ) x 1 ( 0 , 2 ) . y = x2 y = 2 x y = x + 2 y = x − 2 p , g , p + g = 8 5 p + 1 0 g = 8 5 1 0 p + g = 8 5 1 0 ( p + g ) = 8 5 3 3 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 36 5 The f un ctio n h i s d efin ed by W hich i s t he graph of ? A ) B ) C ) D ) h (x ) = 1 4x 2 . y=h (x ) CONTINUE 3 3 CONTINUE y x O –8–6–4–2 2468 −2 −4 −6 −8 8 6 4 2 y x O –8–6–4–2 2468 −2 −4 −6 −8 8 6 4 2 y x O –8–6–4–2 2468 −2 −4 −6 −8 8 6 4 2 y x O –8–6–4–2 2468 −2 −4 −6 −8 8 6 4 2

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 37 6 When graphed in the xy - plane, what point is a solution to the given system of inequalities? A) B) C) D) 7 The equation gives the total number of housing units, in a community months after a new zoning law was passed. How many housing units are added to the community each month after the zoning law was passed? A) 10 B) 150 C) 160 D) 1,500 8 Which expression is equivalent to ? A) B) C) D) y > 4 x y < − x ( x , y ) ( 1 , 1 ) ( − 2 , − 2 ) ( 3 , − 3 ) ( − 4 , 4 ) h = 1 5 0 + 1 0 t h , t( 2 x 2 + 3 x − 2 ) − ( 5 x 2 − x − 7 ) 7 x 2 + 4 x + 9 3 x 2 + 4 x + 5 − 3 x 2 + 2 x − 9 − 3 x 2 + 4 x + 5 3 3 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 38 9 If which of the following is equivalent to ? A) B) C) D) 10 The graph in the xy - plane of the equation above is a circle. What are the coordinates of the center of the circle? A) B) C) D) x > 0 , 1x + 1 2 x 1x 1 2 x 3 2 x 2 3 x x 2 − 1 0 x + y 2 + 6 y = 2 ( − 5 , − 3 ) ( − 5 , 3 ) ( 5 , − 3 ) ( 5 , 3 ) 3 3 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 39 11 W hat is t h e g ra p h o f th e e q ua tio n ? A ) B ) C ) D ) y= 2(3 ) x 3 3 CONTINUE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 –3–2–1 12 O x y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 –3 –2–1 12 O x y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 –3 –2–1 12 O x y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 –3 –2–1 12 O x y

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 40 12 T he g ra p h o f th e f u n ctio n i s s h own . W hic h o f th e f o llo wi ng i s a v alue of f o r w hic h ? A ) –1 B ) 0 C ) 1 D ) 4 1 3 T he f u n ctio n m od els th e n u m ber of w ater h yacin th s i n a p opu la tio n o ver t ime, w here i s t h e n u m ber of w ater hyaci nth s a n d i s t h e t ime, in da ys, sin ce th e p opula tio n w as f ir st m ea su re d . W hic h i s th e b est in te rp re ta tio n o f in t h is co n text ? A ) The n u m ber of w ater hyaci nth s d ou ble d t im es. B ) The n u m ber of w ater hyacin th s d ou ble d e very 6 da ys. C ) The n u m ber of w ater hyaci nth s i n cre a se d b y 2 e v ery da ys. D ) The n u m ber of w ater hyaci nth s i n cre a se d b y 2 ev ery da ys. f x f(x ) = 0 A(t ) = 12(2 ) t6 A (t ) t (2 ) t6 t t 6 t 3 3 CONTINUE y = f(x) 6 4 3 2 1 –1 –2 –3 –4 –3 –1 1234 5 –2 O x y

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 41 14 The graph in the xy - plane of the equation above contains the point If which of the following is NOT a possible value of ? A) – 2 B) – 1 C) 0 D) 1 15 Tw o b e a c h b a l l s a r e e a c h i n t h e s h a p e o f a s p h e r e . T h e larger beach ball has a diameter of and the smaller beach ball has a diameter of What is the ratio of the volume of the larger beach ball to the volume of the smaller beach ball? A) 3 to 1 B) 6 to 1 C) 9 to 1 D) 27 to 1 y = ( x − 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( a , b ) . − 1 ≤ a ≤ 1 , b3 x , x . 3 3 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 42 Question-and-Answer Service April QAS 4/9/19 2/3 Acceptable ways to grid are: 23 .666 .667 Answer: 712 312 123 123 Answer: 2.5 Fraction line 7/12 2 . 5 201 201 Answer: 201 – either position is correct NOTE: Yo u m a y s t a r t y o u r answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don’t need to use should be left blank. For questions 16-20 , solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as described below, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, it is suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you !ll in the bubbles accurately. You will receive credit only if the bubbles are !lled in correctly. 2. Mark no more than one bubble in any column. 3. No question has a negative answer. 4. Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer. 5. Mixed numbers such as must be gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If is entered into the grid, it will be interpreted as , not .) 6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must !ll the entire grid. 31 /2 Grid inresult. Write answer in boxes. Decimal point 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 39 CONTINUE 3 3

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 43 16 T he g iv en e q ua tio n ca n b e r e wr it t e n a s w here a n d a re c o n sta n ts . W hat is t h e v alue of ? 1 7 I n the f igur e s hown , i s p ara lle l to a n d W hat is t h e p erim eter of qua dril atera l ? 1 8 I f i s t h e s o lu tio n t o t h e g iv en syste m o f e q ua tio n s, w hat is t h e v alue of ? 1 9 I n t h e g iv en e q ua tio n , i s a c o n sta n t. The e q ua tio n h as n o s olu tio n. W hat i s t he v alu e o f ? 2 0 T he e q ua tio n a b ove h as s o lu tio n s a n d w here a n d a re p osi tiv e i n te g ers . W hat is t h e v alue of ? ST OP If y ou fin is h b efo re tim e is c alle d, y ou m ay c heck y our work on t his sec tion onl y. D o n ot turn to a n y o the r sec tion. 4T 8 D =12 H T =aD +bH , a b a BC A D AB =CD . ABC D 4x +y=7 2x 7 y =1 (x ,y ) x 1 2x+5=k x +7 k k x2 2 x 1=0 x=n+ k x=n k, n k n+k 3 3 B 10 26 6 D A C

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 44 Math Te s t – Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS Tu r n to S e c t i o n 4 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t to a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . CONTINUE 4 4 Math Test – Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS Tu r n t o S e c t i o n 4 o f yo u r a n s we r s h e e t t o a n s we r t h e q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n . For questions 1-30 , solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38 , solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1. The use of a calculator is permitted . 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. r r r r w w w h h h h h b c a b A = ℓw V = ℓwh A = bh A = pr2 V = pr2h c2 = a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles C = 2pr ℓ ℓ ℓ 1 2 V = pr3 4 3 V = pr2h 1 3 V = ℓwh 1 3 30° 60° 45° 45° 2x x s s x√3 s√2 The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2 p. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 44 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 45 1 The function is defined by What is the value of ? A) – 16 B) – 2 C) 2 D) 16 2 A sample of water was taken from each of ten different locations in a pond. The pH of each sample was measured. The measurements are summarized in the frequency table shown. pH Frequency 6.8 to 7.0 1 7.1 to 7.3 2 7.4 to 7.6 4 7.7 to 7.9 3 How many samples have a pH of 7.4 or greater? A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 7 ff ( x ) = x 2 − 7 . f ( 3 ) 4 4 CONTINUE

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 46 3 In 2015, t he c it y o f M ia m i h ad a popu la tio n o f 441, 000 peo p le a n d a n a re a o f 36 sq ua re m iles. What w as t he p opu la tio n d en sit y o f M ia m i, i n p eo p le p er s q ua re m ile , in 2015? A ) 10, 750 B ) 12, 250 C ) 14, 250 D ) 16, 750 4 T he M etr o p oli t a n M useum o f A rt has p la tes on d is p la y f ro m the Ro man E m pir e a nd a ncie nt G reec e. T he b ox p lo ts s h own s u m marize th e d is tri bu tio n s o f t h e d ia m ete rs, in cen tim ete rs, of all th e m useum ’s p la tes f rom each r eg io n . H ow d oes t he m ed ia n d ia m eter o f t he p la tes f ro m the Ro man E m pir e, c o m pare t o t h e m ed ia n d ia m eter of t h e p la te s from a n cie n t G reec e, ? A ) B ) C ) D ) There i s n ot en ou gh in fo rm atio n t o c o m pare t h e m ed ians . 5 The c omb ustio n o f glucos e r e le a ses en erg y. T he r a tio o f g ra m s o f g lu co se c omb uste d to k ilo ca lo ries o f e n erg y r e le a se d i s 12. 0 t o 45. 0. H ow m an y g ra m s of glucos e m ust be c omb uste d t o pro vide 85. 5 k ilo ca lo rie s of en erg y? A ) 5.7 B ) 9.9 C ) 22.8 D ) 320. 6 r, g rg r=g 4 4 CONTINUE Ancient Greece 0510 1520253035 40 Roman Empire Diameter (cm)

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 47 Qu estions 6 and 7 refer to the following information. Haimi drove a car from West Union, Minnesota, through North Dakota, to Miles City, Montana. The total distance she traveled through each state is shown in the figure. The distance in miles, Haimi drove as a function of the time· by the equation 6 According to the model, what distance, in miles, had Haimi driven 3 hours after she started driving? A) 20 B) 60 C) 120 D) 180 7 What interval represents all values of during which Haimi drove in North Dakota? A) B) C) D) Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following information. Minutes a !er injection Penicillin concentration (micrograms per milliliter) (micrograms per milliliter) 0 5 10 15 20 200 152 118 93 74 5 0101520 50 0 100 150 200 Time (minutes) removing the penicillin from the body. The table and graph above show the penicillin concentration in a patient’s bloodstream at 5-minute intervals for the 20 minutes immediately following a one-time penicillin injection. 44 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 60 Miles City, Mont ana We s t U n i on, Mi nn esota Montana 120 miles North Dakota 36 0 miles Minnesota 12 0 miles d , t , d = 6 0 t . t 2 ≤ t ≤ 1 0 2 ≤ t ≤ 8 0 ≤ t ≤ 8 0 ≤ t ≤ 2     2VFTUJPOT  SFGFS UPUIF GPMMPXJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  "
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Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 48 8 T he g ra p h s h ow s t h e n u m ber of algae cells g ro wn d u rin g a n e xp erim en t, i n m illio ns of cells per m illili t er ( mL) of w ate r, d da ys after th e s ta rt of an exp erim en t. Betw een w hic h t w o da ys was t h e g ro w th r a te , in m illio ns o f cells p er mL o f w ater per day, o f t h e a lgae th e g re ate st? A ) D ay 4 a n d da y 5 B ) Day 5 a n d da y 6 C ) D ay 7 a n d da y 8 D ) D ay 9 a n d da y 1 0 9 T he p ro b ab ili t y o f an u n fa ir c o in l a n din g h ea d s s ide u p is 0 .6 . A stude nt t oss e d t his c oin in to t he a ir 9 t im es. It la n ded t a ils side up 5 t im es an d h ea d s side u p 4 tim es. W hat i s t he pro bab ili ty t hat t he c oin wi ll l a n d h ea d s s id e u p o n the 10t h toss ? A ) 0.4 B ) 0.5 C ) 0.6 D ) 1 1 0 T he t w o h isto gra m s sho w t h e d is tri bu tio n o f da ta s e t A a n d da ta s e t B , re sp ectiv ely . D ata s et B i s t h e r e su lt o f re m ovi ng t h e o u tlier fr o m da ta s e t A . W hic h o f th e f o llo wi ng s ta te m en ts a b ou t th e m eans o f da ta s e t A a n d da ta s e t B i s t r ue? A ) The m eans o f da ta s e ts A a n d B a re t h e s a me. B ) The m ean o f da ta s e t A i s g re ate r th an t h e m ean o f da ta s e t B . C ) The m ean o f da ta s e t A i s l ess t h an t h e m ean o f da ta s e t B . D ) N o c o m paris o n a b ou t th e m eans o f th e da ta s e ts ca n b e m ad e. 4 4 CONTINUE Number of cells per mL (millions) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 12 34 56 78 91 0 Time (days) Data set A 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 203040506070 Frequency Data set B 5 4 3 2 1 0 010 203040506070 Frequency

Unaut horiz ed copying o r r eus e o f any part o f t h is page is illegal. 49 11 T e s ca tt e rp lo t  sh ow s t h e r e la tio n sh ip  b etw een  t w o  v aria b le s,  an d  A li ne o f b est f t i s a ls o  s hown . W hat  is  a n  e q ua tio n  o f  th e lin e o f  best  ft? A ) B ) C ) D ) 12 A  lo ca l r esta u ra n t g iv es t ea ch ers  a  20%  dis c o u nt o n  a ll  th eir  m ea ls .  If  a t e a ch er  pays  $14. 00 fo r a  m ea l  a f er  th e d is c o u nt  w as a p p lie d, w hat  w as t h e p rice  of  t h e m ea l  b efore  t h e d is c o u nt? A ) $16. 80 B ) $17. 50 C ) $20. 00 D ) $25. 20 1 3 A m ou nt o f W ater i n 80 B ott le s F lu id  ounces Freque ncy 19. 6 1 19. 7 0 19. 8 12 19. 9 10 20. 0 31 20. 1 14 20. 2 11 20. 3 1 20. 4 0 T e f r e q uen cy  t a b le  a b ove s h ow s t h e d is tri bu tio n  o f  t h e a ctua l n u m ber  of  fu id  o u n ces  of  w ater i n a   r a n dom  s a m ple  o f 80  20-o u n ce b ott les o f t he w ater a t  a  b ott lin g p la n t.  Bott les  are  o n ly  s o ld  if t hey  c o n ta in   a t le ast  19. 8 b u t  n o m ore  t h an  20. 2 f u id  o u n ce s o f  w ate r. I f t he pro portio n  o f b ott les t hat c an  b e s old  is  t h e s a m e f o r  th e s a m ple  a n d t h e 16 , 000  20-o u n ce  b ott les  pro duce d a t  th e p la n t  ea ch  da y,  h ow  m an y o f  t h e 16, 000  bott le s ca nnot be s old ? A ) 800 B ) 600 C ) 400 D ) 200 x y. y = 3.7 +1.3 x y =1.3 + 3.7 x y = 3.7 1 .3 x y =1.3 3 .7 x 4 4 CONTINUE 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 60 2 46 810 y x

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 50 14 – 4 14 – 2 8 3 – 7 5 – 13 For the linear function the table shows several values of and their corresponding values of What is the y - intercept of the graph of in the xy - plane? A) B) C) D) 15 When a buffet restaurant charges $12.00 per meal, the number of meals it sells per day is 400. For each $0.50 increase to the price per meal, the number of meals sold per day decreases by 10. What is the price per meal that re sults in the greatest sales, in dollars, from meals each day? A) $16.00 B) $20.00 C) $24.00 D) $28.00 16 If what is the value of ? A) B) C) D) 17 The solution to the given system of equations is What is the value of ? A) 5 B) 7 C) 13 D) 15 x f ( x ) f , x f ( x ) . y = f ( x ) ( 0 , − 3 ) ( 0 , − 1 ) ( 0 , 2 ) ( 0 , 4 ) 7 x + 2 1 = − 2 , x + 3 − 5 − 2 − 57 − 27 x + 2 y = 1 0 2 x − y = 5 ( x , y ) . 3 x + y 4 4 CONTINUE

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