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May QAS 5/6/2017 1 May 2017 NORTH AMERICA The SAT Question - and - Answer Service Use this with your QAS Student Guide and personalized QAS Report. What’s inside: -Test questions -The Essay prompts administered on your test day CollegeBoard NOT FOR REPRODUCTION OR RESALE

May QAS 5/6/2017 2 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Question -and -Answer Service ABOUT THE COLLEGE BOARD The College Board is a mission -driven not -for -profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900. the College Board was created to expand access to higher education Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the world's leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success -including the SAT® and the Advanced Placemen t Program® The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit collegeboard.org. SAT CUSTOMER SERVICE You can reach us from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. east ern time (9 a.m. to 7 p.m. in the summer). Phone: 866 -756 -7346 International: +1 -212 -713 -7789 Email: sat @ info.collegeboard.org Mail: College Board SAT Program, P.O. Box 025505, Miami, FL 3310 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 Reading Test 18 Writing and Language Test 33 Math Test - No Calculator 40 Math Test - Calculator 56 Essay Prompt © 2017 The Collage Board, Collage Board, Advanced Placement Program, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademark of the Collage Board Visit College Board on the web collegeboard.org.

May QAS 5/6/2017 1 Introduction Congratulations on taking the SAT®! This booklet contains the SAT you took in 2017. There are also two Essay prompts here; if you took the SAT with Essay, you responded to one of these. This booklet contains every question that was scored. As part the Question -and -Answer Service (QAS) you also have received: 1. A customized report that lists the following details about each question: 2. A QAS Student guide that explains your scores and how to interpret them. The test begins on the next page.

May QAS 5/6/2017 2 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Reading Test 65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Questions 1 -10 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Philip Roth, American Pastoral. ©1997 by Philip Roth. “The Swede" was the nickname of Seymour Levov, a talented athlete from the narrator's hometown. One night in the summer of 1985, while visiting New York, I went out to see the Mets play the Astros, and while circling the stadium with my friends, looking for the gate to our seats, I saw the Swede, Thirty -six years older than when I’d watched 5 him play baseball for Ups ala. He wore a white shirt, a striped tie, and a charcoal -gray summer suit, and he was still terrifically handsome. The golden hair was a shade or two darker but not any thinner; no longer was it cut short but fell rather fully over his ear s and 10 down to his collar. In this suit that fit him so exquisitely he seemed even ta ller and leaner than I remembered him in the uniform of one sport or another. The woman with us noticed him first. “Who is that? That’s — that ’s... Is that Mayor Lindsay?" sh e 15 asked. “No ,” I said. “My God. You know who that is? It’s Swede Levov.” I told my friends, “That’s the Swede!” A skinny, fair -haired boy of about seven or eight was walking alongside the Swede, a kid under a Mets 20 cap pounding away at a first basemen ’s mit t that dangled, as had the Swede's, from his left hand. The two, clearly a father and his son, were laughing about something together when I approached and introduced myself. “I knew your brother at 25 Weequahic.” "You're Zuckerman? ” he replied, vigorous ly shaking my hand. “The author? ” “I’ m Zucker man the author. ” “Sure, you were Jerry's great pal .” “I don't think 30 Jerry had great pals. He was too brilliant for pa ls. He just used to beat my pants off at Ping -Pong down in your basement. Beating me a t Ping -Pong was very important to Jerry." “So you're the guy. My mother says, 'And he 35 was such a nice, quiet child when he came to the house. ’ You know who this is?" the Swede said to the boy. “Th e guy who wrote those books. Nathan Zuc ker man.” Mystified, the boy shrugged and mutter ed, “Hi” 40 “This is my son Chris .” 'These are friends, ” I said, sweeping an arm out to introduce the three people with me. “And this man.” I said to them, “is the greatest athlete in the history Weequahic High. A real arti st in three sports. 45 Played first base like Hernandez 1—thinking. A line - drive doubles hitter. Do you know that? ” I said to his son “Your dad was our Hernandez. ” “Hernande z is left -handed ” he repli ed. “We ll, that's the only difference ,” I said to the 50 little literalist, and put out my hand again to his father. “Nice to see you, Swede. ” “You bet. Take it easy, Skip.” “Remember me to your b rother, ” 1 said . He laughed, w e parted, and someone wa s saying 55 to me , "Well, well, the greatest athlete in the history DIRECTIONS

May QAS 5/6/2017 3 1 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal of Weequahic High called you ‘Skip.’” “I know, I can’t believe it,” And I did feel almost as wonderfully singled out as I had the one time before ，at the age of ten, when the Swede had 60 got so personal as to recognize me by the playground nickname I ’d acquired because of two grades I skipped in grade school. Midway through the first inning, the woman with us turned to me and said, “You should have 65 seen your face -you might as well have told us he was Zeus. 2 I saw just what you looked like as a boy.” 1 First baseman for the New York Mets in the mid -1980s 2 In Greed mythology, the ruler of the gods 70 1 The main purpose of the passage is to A) show how an event forced the narrator to reevaluate his perspective on his childhood. B) Analyze how past experiences shaped the narrator’s and another character’s future. C) reflect upon the changes that people go through as they give up on their childhood dreams. D) describe an accidental meeting that reveals the narrator’s relationship with a character. 2 A main theme of the passage is that A) Friends who get back in touch after many years often find that everything has changed. B) Encountering a memorable person from the past can make an adult feel like a child again. C) Plying sports together is an experience that connects people for the rest of their lives. D) Older people lend to remember the past as being better than it really was. 3 As used in line 11, “exquisitely “most nearly means A) Skillfully. B) Perfectly. C) Primly. D) Formally. 4 Which choice best supports the conclusion that Chris, the swede’s son, reminds the narrator of the Swede? A) Lines 18 -21(“A skinny…hand”) B) Lines 46 -47(Do you…Hernandez”) C) Lines 48(“Hernandez…replied”) D) Lines 49 -51(“Well…father”) 5 A meaningful irony in the passage is that, while the narrator had admired the young Swede's accomplishments, the Swede A) Had trained his son to follow in his footsteps. B) Appreciated the narrator s accomplishments as an adult. C) Had failed to achieve his promise as the years went by. D) Envied the achievements of his more scholarly classmates. 6 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 22 -24(''The two ,.. myself”) B) Lines 34 -38 ("So you're ... Zuckerman”) C) Line 52 ("You bet... Skip”) D) Line 54 -56 (“He laughed ... Skip") 7 Chris, the Swede's son, responds to the narrator's comparison of his fath er to anoth er baseball player by A) Comparing his lather to a different player. B) Revealing his admiration for his lather. C) Pointing out a problem with the comparison. D) Showing his gratitude to the narrator.

May QAS 5/6/2017 4 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 8 When someone repeats the narrator ’s phrase “the greatest athlete in the history o f We equahic High” (lines 55 -56), the main effect is to A) admit that the narrator was right about the Swede. B) show appreciation for the Swede's accomplishments. A) tease the narrator for his enthusiasm in meeting the Swede. B) help the narrator remember an incident involving the Swede. 9 Based on the passage, the reason the narrator was amazed that the Swede had called him ''Skip ” was most probably that the narrator A) thought adults should refer to each other by their formal names. B) still felt lucky to receive personal attention from the Swede. C) had not been called “Skip” since he was ten. D) was not aware that the Swede had ever known his nickname. 10 The reference to “Zeus” in line 66 mainly serves to A) emphasize that the narrator held the Swede in high regard. B) show that the Swede intimidated those around him. C) suggest that the narrator was surprised that the Swede had recognized him. D) indicate the narrator's shock at seeing a man from his past. Questions 11 -20 are ba sed on the following pass age . This p assa ges adapted from wechat kangkanglaoshi , A Letter to the Women of England on th e Injustice of Mental Subordination. Or igi nally pu blishe d in 1799 und er the pseudonym An ne Frances Randall. Woman is destin ed to pursu e no pa th in which she does not find an enemy. I f she is liberal, g enerou s carel ess of wealth, friendly to the un fortunate , and bounti ful to persec uted merit, she is deemed prod igal, a nd over much profuse, all t he good she 5 docs, every tear she s teal s from the downcast eye of modest worth, every si gh she conv erts into a thro b of joy, in grateful bosoms, is, by the world, forgotten ； while the ing enuous liberali ty of her soul excites t he imputa tion o f folly and extravagance. If, on the 10 con trary, she is wa ry, shrewd, t hrifty, e conomical, and eager to procure and to preserve the advantages of independence; she is condemned as narrow - minded, mean, un feeling, artful, mercenary, and base: in ei ther case she is exposed to censure. If 15 lib eral , unpi tied; i f sordid, execrated! In a few words, a generous woman is termed a fool; a prudent one, a prodig al. If WOMAN is not permitted to assert a majesty of mind , why fatigue her faculties with the labours of 20 any species of education? Why give her books, if she is not to profit by the wisdom they inculcate? The parent, or the preceptress, who enlightened her understanding, like the dark lantern, to spread its rays internally only, puts into her grasp a weapon of 25 defence against the perils of existence; and at the same moment commands her not to use it. Man says you may read, and you will think, but you shall not evince your knowledge, or employ your thoughts, beyon d the boundaries which we have set up around 30 you. Then wherefore burthen the young mind with a gaudy outline which man darkens with shades indelible? Why expand the female heart, merely to render it more conscious that it is, by the tyranny of custom, rend ered vulnerable? Let man remember, 35 that “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” Let him not hope for a luxurious mental harvest, where the sun of cultivation is obscured by 11

May QAS 5/6/2017 5 1 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal impenetrable prejudice; that cloud which has too 40 long spread over the mind of wo man a desolating darkness. So situated, woman is taught to discriminate just sufficiently to know her own unhappiness. She, like Tantalus, is placed in a situation where the intellectual blessing she sighs for 45 is within her view; but she is not permitted t o attain it: she is conscious of possessing equally strong mental powers ; but she is obliged to yield, as the weaker creature. Man says, “you shall be initiated in all the arts of pleasing; but you shall, in vain, hope 50 that we will contribute to your happi ness one iota beyond the principle which constitutes our own.” Sensual Egotists! Woman is absolutely necessary to your felicity; nay, even to your existence: yet she must not arrogate to herself the power to interest 55 your actions. You idolize her personal attractions, as long as they influence your senses; when they begin to pall, the magick is dissolved; and prejudice is ever eager to condemn what passion has degraded.... Supposing women were to act upon the same 60 principle of egotism, consulting their own inclinations, interest, and amusement only,(and there is no law of Nature which forbids them; none of any species but that which is framed by man;) what would be the consequences? The annihilation of all 65 moral and religious order. So that every good whic h cements the bonds of civilized society, originates wholly in the forbearance, and conscientiousness of woman. 11 The main purpose of the passage is to A) analyze a series of historical events. B) persuade readers to support an unusual practice C) alert readers to an urgent societal problem. D) describe the underlying causes of a political change. 12 The author’s central claim in the passage is that A) women have as much right to a rigorous education as men have. B) women are hindered from fully developing and using their intellectual capabilities. C) education has prevented women from realizing their goals rather than helping meet them. D) methods of education need to be developed that appeal equally to men and to women. 13 Which choice best supports the idea that women, if they choose, are entitled to act as men do? A) Lines 33 -35 (“Why expand …vulnerable” ） B) Lines 38 -40 (“Let him …prejudice” ） C) Lines 46 -49 (“but she ... creature” ） D) Lines 63 -65 (“and there …man” ） 14 14 As used in line 20, “faculties” most nearly means A) natural instincts. B) intellectual abilities. C) practical capabilities. D) granted privileges. 15 15 The purpose of the adage in line 37 is to A) suggest an innovative way of analyzing a pervasive challenge. B) deride a viewpoint that has been gaining popularity. C) summarize an old -fashioned belief that is often overlooked. D) warn that a situation may have negative consequences. 16 16 As used in line 45, “sighs for ” most nearly means A) dismisses. B) craves. C) exhales. D) suffers.

May QAS 5/6/2017 6 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 17 17 What does the author suggest primarily motivates men’s behavior toward women? A) A selfish desire to deprive women of even the smallest joy B) A pragmatic impulse to maximize contentment C) A cruel tendency to afford and then withhold affections D) A well meaning but ultimately ineffectual intent to act fairly 18 18 Which choic e prov ide s the best evidence f or the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 19 -21 ("If WOMAN ... education ") B) Lines 44 -46 ("She ... view"") C) Lines 49 -52 ("Man ... own") D) Lines 53 -56 ("Woman , . . . actions” ) E) If you need answers of this test, please contact wechat kangkanglaoshi 1 19 In l ine 53, the author includes the exclamation most likely to A) express contempt abo ut the excessive regard of men for their presumed privileges . B) show anger about t he failure of men to provide women with us efu l educa tions C) em phasize disappoi ntm ent about t he fact that men always put their own needs of thos e of their lov ed ones. D) indicate frustration a bo ut t he unwillingness of men t o dem onstrat e ope nly their s ensi tivi ty. 20 The passag e indicates that compared to men, women behave in ways that ar e typically more A) sugg estive of general dissatis faction. B) enhanced by a desire for i nde pende nce. C) bene ficial to the func tioning of society. D) focused on the achievement of futur e goals. 20

May QAS 5/6/2017 7 1 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Questions 21 -30 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from wechat kangkanglaoshi , "Star -Crossing P lanets Literally Strut Their Stuff." ©2014 by American Associat ion for the Advancement of Science. Exoplanets are planets outside of our solar system. When exoplanet hunters announced in January of 2014 that they had found a tribe of “mini -Neptunes” and the lightest planet ever detected outside our solar system, they highlighted more than just the diversity of exoplanets. The results, announced at a meeting of 5 the American Astronomical Society, also show the power of an up -and -coming method of calculating the masses of alien worlds from the way they eclipse their sta rs. The new technique, called transit timing variation 10 (TTV), is enabling astronomers to fill out their picture of dozens of exoplanets detected by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft. The eclipses, or “transits, ” that Kepler detected reveal only a planet's size and orbital period. To know whether it is rocky, gaseous, or some 15 mixture of the two, astronomers also need its mass. Traditionally, they have resorted to ground -based telescopes to determine it, by measuring the wobble of the star as the planet tugs on it. But TTY can determine masses from transit data 20 alone. The technique was the brainchild of Matthew Holman, an astrophysicist at Harvard University, and others. If two or more planets happened to be orbiting a star in cl ose proximity, they reasoned, their 25 gravitational tugs on each other would alter their orbital periods. If one of them was a transiting planet — dimming the light of its parent star as it passed between the star and Earth —astronomers would see its transit timing vary over multiple orbits, betr aying the presence 30 of a companion planet. If both planets were transiting, astronomers could measure the perturbations in both their orbits and work out the planets' masses. Ho lm an and a co lleague published the idea in 2005, and Eric Agol of the Universit y of Washington, 35 Seattle, and colleagues put forward a similar scheme almost s im ultaneously. For years afterward, however, astronomers failed to detect transit timing variations because a lmost all known exoplanets were gas giants spinning around their sta rs in tight orbits. 40 Theorists think such planets formed farther from the star and later barreled inward, clearing away any potential wobble -inducing companions. The technique became practical thanks to the Kepler spacecraft, which until 2013 was monito ring the 45 brightness of 160,000 nearby stars for the tel ltale dimming due to transiting planets. Kepler began delivering data on dozens of planetary systems, many of them consisting of multiple planets. In 2010, astronomers began making TTV detections. Their 50 expertise has been growing ever since. David Kipping, an astronomer at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and his colleagues came across KOI -314c while combing Kepler data for TTV 55 signatures due to exomoons, which should cause transiting exoplanets to wobble and change their transit timing. But the transits seen around the star KOI -314, a red dwarf some 200 light -years from Earth, pointed instead to the presence of two planets. Their 60 transit times were varyi ng in lockstep: when one planet slowed down in its orbit around the star, the other would speed up, and vice versa. “We saw the same TTV signature, just in opposite phase to each other,” Kipping says. “It was obvious that these two planets 65 must be interact ing." By simulating the dance on a computer, the researchers worked out the masses of the two planets. They found that the outer, KOI -314c, which orbits the star every 23 days, has the same mass as Earth, 70 although it is about 60% larger than Earth in radiu s. Kipping and his colleagues infer that the planet —the lightest exoplanet so far discovered —has a rocky core and a thick, gaseous atmosphere. The inner planet, KOI -314 c, is similar in size but about four times as 75 massive. Meanwhile, researchers led by Yo ram Lithwick, an astronomer at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, were looking at the TTV signatures of 163 exoplanets found by Kepler. 80 The team determined that about 60 of them occupy a mass range between Earth and Neptune and are larger tha n expected for a rocky planet of that mass, suggesting they are blanketed by thick, extended atmospheres. They also found a pattern ： as the planets 85 grew bigger in radius, their density declined. “If you make something twice as big, it becomes four times le ss

May QAS 5/6/2017 8 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal dense, ” Lithwick says. “So from going from a less than two Earth radii to four Earth radii, the density goes from rock -like all the way to gas .” Lithwick predicts the 90 surprising finding “will have big implications for understanding planet formation.” 21 The main purpose of the passage is to A) discuss the use of a new astronomical technique. B) provide preliminary data about certain planets. C) argue in favor of a controversial experiment. D) suggest an innovative alternative to an established scientific procedure. 22 The author s central claim in the passage is that A) TTV has enabled astronomers to determine more accurately than before the mass of certain planets outside of our solar system. B) NASA's Kepler spacecraft provided richer data about exoplanets than had been anticipated by the astronomical community. C) there are more planets outside of our solar system with an atmosphere similar to that of Earth than had previously been hypothesized. D) astronomers have gradually become more and more skilled in using TTV to calculate the composition of planets. 23 23 Over the course of the passage, the main focus shifts from a A) summary of the results of several experiments to a chronicle of the process used in one of those experiments. B) reflection regarding the traditional difficulties of a scientific problem to a consideration of a new technique rendering that problem obsolete. C) description of an innovative procedure to an account of some specific applications of that procedure. D) defense of a controversial scientific practice to a demonstration of that practiced ultimate usefulness. 24 Based on the passage, which question are astronomers unable to answer unless they know a particular exoplanet’s mass? A) How similar to Earth is that planet in its ratio of rock to gas? B) Was that planet formed at about the same time that Earth was? C) What is the size of the parent star that planet orbits? D) Does that planet orbit a parent star in conjunction with a companion planet? 25 25 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 5 -9 (“The results ... stars ”） B) Lines 15 -17 (“To know... mass ”） C) Lines 31 -34 ( “If both ... masses ”) D) Lines 70 -72 (“They... radius ”） 26 26 As used in line 17, “traditionally” most nearly means A) authentically. B) properly. C) historically. D) conservatively.

May QAS 5/6/2017 9 1 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 27 27 According to the passage, why was the TTV technique difficult to implement before the data from the Kepler spacecraft became available? (If you need answers of this test, please contact wechat kangkanglaoshi ) A) TTV requires the existence of companion planets, and most known exoplanets prior to Kepler did not show evidence of companions. B) TT V requires several different sets of data for confirmation, and prior to Kepler only a single set of data was available. C) TTV requires that a planet orbit a parent star, and prior to Kepler the location of the parent stars of exoplanets was difficult to determine. D) TTV requires that the mass of a planet be known, and prior to Kepler the masses of exoplanets w ere impossible to ascertain. 28 28 As used in line 45, “practical” most nearly means A) ordinary. B) workable. C) systematic. D) qualified. 29 29 What would be the effect on Lithwick ’s findings of the discovery of a planet with a radius four times greater than Earth’s and a density similar to Earth’s? A) Such a discovery would have no effect on Lithwick’s findings, because Lithwick’s research was restricted to planets with gaseous atmospheres. B) Such a discovery would bolster Lithwick's findings, because such a planet would have a proportionate size and density. C) Such a discovery would bolster Lithwick’s findings, because human beings would be likely to survive on such a planet. D) Such a discovery would challenge Lithwick's findings, because such a planet wou ld not conform to his expectations. 30 30 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 68 -69 (“By simulating ... planets ”） B) Lines 73 -75 (“Kipping... atmosphere ”） C) Lines 78 -81 (“Meanwhile ... Kepler ”） D) Lines 86 -89 (“They... says ”）

May QAS 5/6/2017 10 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Questions 31 -41 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Michael Balter, "Farming Conquered Europe at Least Twice .” ©2011 by American Association for the Advancement of Science. The rise of agriculture in the Middle East, nearly 11,000 years ago, was a momentous event in human prehistory. But just how farming spread from there into Europe has been a matter of intense research. A new study of ancient DNA from 5,000 -year -old 5 skeletons found in a French cave suggests that early farmers entered the European continent by at least two different routes and reveals new details about the social structures and dairying practices of some o f their societies. 10 Scientists studying the spread of farming into Europe have numerous questions ： Was agriculture brought in primarily by Middle Eastern farmers who replaced the resident hunter -gatherers? Or did agriculture advance through the spread of technology 15 and ideas rather than people? And was there just one wave of farming into the continent or multiple waves and routes? Until recently, researchers had to rely on the genetic profiles of modern -day Europeans and Middle 20 Easterners for clues. Numer ous such studies, especially of Y chromosomes, which are transmitted via the paternal line, suggest that actual farmers, not just their ideas, spread westward over the millennia, eventually reaching the British Isles. Yet other studies, 25 based on mitochondr ial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited maternally, have come to the opposite conclusion, suggesting that farmers had local European ancestry. In recent years, studies have begun to resolve these 30 issues by sequencing the DNA of the prehistoric farmers themselves. Some of this research, most notably in Germany, suggests that male farmers entering central Europe mated with local female hunter -gatherers — thus possibly resolving the contradiction between the Y 35 chromosome and mtDNA results. The new study back s up that idea. A team led by molecular anthropologist Marie Lacan reports work on ancient DNA 一 both mitochondrial and Y - chromosomal — from more than two dozen skeletons 40 found in the 1930s in a cave called Treilles in southern France. Archaeologists think Tr eilles is a communal grave site because the bones add up to 149 individuals. The team took DNA in such a way as to ensure that each individual was sampled only once 45 (using teeth that were still attached to a lower jaw) and was able to obtain ancient DNA fr om 29 people. The team found that the female and male lineages seemed to have different origins. 50 The mtDNA showed genetic markers previously identified as having deep roots in ancient European hunter -gatherer populations, but the Y chromosomes showed t he closest affinities to Europeans currently living along the Mediterranean 55 regions of southern Europe, such as Turkey, Cyprus, Portugal, and Italy. The team concludes that, in addition to the spread of farming into central Europe suggested by the German studies, there appears to have been at least one additional route via southern 60 Europe. The communal grave also yielded additional intriguing details about these ancient Europeans. Most of the skeletons were males, and many appeared to be very closely rel ated: At least two pairs of 65 individuals were almost certainly father and son, and another pair were brothers. That suggests that the incoming male farmers established a so -called patrilocal society, in which the men stay put on their land but mate with wo men who come in from 70 surrounding regions, the team concludes. The study also showed that, in contrast to ancient DNA findings from central Europe, the people from Treilles lacked a key genetic variant that allows the body to digest lactose [a type of sugar found in milk ] 75 into adulthood. That’s consistent with other archaeological evidence that central European farmers herded dairy cows, whereas Mediterranean farmers herded sheep and goats and drank fermented milk, which has much lower lactose levels . 80 .

May QAS 5/6/2017 11 1 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE The map shows the Y lineages shared between Treil les individuals and current European populations. The gray gradient indicates the percentage of shared lineages between Treilles individuals and current European populations. Wechat kangkanglaoshi Adapte d from Marie Lacan et al, "Ancient DNA Reveals Male Diffusion through the Neolithic Mediterranean Route. 2011 by National Academy of Sciences. 31 31 The main purpose of the passage is to A) discuss research into the origins of ancient European farmers. B) resolve a debate about when farming first appeared in Europe. C) consider a study of the farming methods of ancient Europeans. D) explain the conflict between archaeological and genetic evidence about the first European farmers. 32 32 The main purpose of lines 12 -18 (“Was ... routes") is to pose questions that A) remain largely unaddressed by researchers other than Lacan. B) were presumed to have been answered prior to Lacan's work. C) motivated the research of Lacan and other scientists. D) have become more difficult to answer following Lacan's study. 3

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 12 1 1 CONTINUE 33 DNA evidence discussed in the passage most strongly suggests that modern Europeans A) show more diversity in their mtDNA than in their Y chromosomes. B) can trace their ancestry primarily to people from ancient southern Europe. C) descended at least in part from people who originated further east. D) have hereditary links to hunter -gatherers who migrated westward across Europe. 34 34 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 21 -25 ( “Numerous ... Isles ”) B) Lines 32 -35 (“Some … hunter -gatherers”) C) Lines 50 -51 (“The team …origins ”） D) Lines 65 -66 (“Most …related”) 35 35 According to the passage, seemingly contradictory findings about the spread of farming in ancient Europe began to be reconciled once scientists A) analyzed the genetic makeup of prehistoric farmers. B) unearthed a large number of skeletons from the Treilles cave. C) sequenced Y -chromosomal DNA from modern Europeans. D) examined mtDNA apart from other genetic materials. 36 36 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 25 -29 (“Yet other ... ancestry ”） B) Lines 30 -32 (“In recent... themselves ”） C) Lines 38 -43 (“A team ... France”) D) Lines 51 -54 (“The mtDNA ... populations”) 37 37 As used in line 31 ， “resolve” most nearly means A) reduce. B) dispel. C) settle. D) declare. 38 38 As used in line 63, “yielded” most nearly means A) relinquished. B) submitted. C) cultivated. D） furnished. 39

May QAS 5/6/2017 13 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 39 It can most reasonably be inferred that the “archaeological HYLGHQFH´UHIHUUHGWRLQOLQH A) introduces an unresolved complication into an evolving theory about the spread of farming in ancient Europe. B) confirms an earlier hypothesis about the use of fermented milk by farmers l iving in southern Europe. C) highlights a genetic factor that likely influenced the settlement patterns of Middle Eastern immigrants in Europe. D) bolsters a conclusion about the spread of farming in Europe that Lacan's team members drew from their analysis of DNA . 40 40 According to the map, the population o f which of the following regions has the highest percentage o f shared Y lineages with Treilles individuals? A) Southern Portugal B) The British Isles C) Southern Germany D) Northern Italy 41 41 Data presented on the map most strongly support Lacan ’s view that ancient European f armers A) had local European ancestry. B) traveled as far as the British Isles. C) arrived via a southern European route. D) established patrilocal societies in central Europe.

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 14 1 1 CONTINUE Questions 42 -52 are based on the following passages and supplementary material. Passage 1 is adapted from Dana Blumenthal, "Interrelated Causes of Plant Invasion." ©2005 by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Passage 2 relates to the information and ideas discussed in Passage 1. Passage 1 An occasional stem of leafy spurge in the prairie would not threaten native species. Nor would it bother ranchers. But the millions of hectares of this Eurasian species that inhabit western North America have displaced native plant species and reduced 5 forage for both wild and domestic animals, costing hundreds of millions of dollars annually. The problems caused by such invasive species are the direct result of their success in colonizing new habitats, and understanding why they are so 10 successful is essen tial to controlling their spread. Although there are many competing ideas to explain invasion, it is possible that two of the most important are interrelated: The plant species that benefit the most from high resource availability may also gain 15 the most fr om escaping enemies upon moving to a new range. Due to the enormous variety of invasive plants, attempts to explain invasion have led to an array of partially overlapping hypotheses. Hypotheses 20 explaining the exceptional success of exotic species are based upon ways in which a species ’ new range differs from its native range: fewer insects and diseases, less competitive environments, and competitors that are more susceptible to chemicals 25 produced by the invader. Hypotheses explaining colonization in general , irrespective of whether the colonizing species are native or exotic, rely on characteristics of the colonizer or the colonized plant community. For example, fast -growing 30 species with high seed production make good colonizers. Plant communities with lots of disturbance, high resource availability, or reduced species diversity tend to be easily colonized. Of primary interest are two mechanisms of 35 invasion that are particularly well supported by existing studies of plant invasions: release from natural enemies and increased resource availability. The enemy release hypothesis attributes the success of exotic species to their escape from 40 diseases and h erbivores upon moving to a new range. This gives them an advantage when competing with native species still burdened by enemies. Not only are enemies missing in exotic species ’ new ranges, but the absence of 45 enemies is correlated with invasiveness. Enemy r elease provides the greatest benefit to exotic species that are highly susceptible enemies in their native range. The resource hypothesis suggests that 50 plant invasion is caused by availability of resources such light, water, and soil nutrients. Resources b ecome available when resource supply increases, as with atmospheric nitrogen deposition, or when resource capture by other 55 plants decreases, as with disturbances such as fire or plowing. High resource availability benefits fast -growing native or exotic spe cies. Passage 2 Erodium cicutarium , an invasive species commonly known as pinweed, has been slowly 60 replacing the native species Erodium texanum, or heronbill, in North America's Sonoran Desert. Biologist Sarah Kimball conducted a series of experiments to u nderstand how pinweed plants are overtaking heronbill plants. 65 At the beginning of a growing season, Kimball located a region of the desert in which both pinwee d and heronbill had established growth. She di vided the region into sixteen control plots and sixteen experimental plots. 70 The experimental plots were sprayed weekly with insecticides to eliminate insect that feed on plants, while control plots were left unsprayed. At the end of the growing season, Kimball determined, for each plot, the number 75 of e ach species of plant, the number of fruits on each plant, and the mass of each plant. The results were not significantly different between the control and experimental plots, indicating that insects were not a determining factor in 80 pinweed’s mechanism of invasion. Additional studies by Kimball in the same region measured the growth rates of the two plant species during two growing seasons. She

May QAS 5/6/2017 15 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal found that the growth rates of the two species were 85 nearly the sa me in the season (2007 -2008) with close to average annual rainfall but that the invasive pinweed plants exhibited a greater growth rate than did the nati ve heronbill plants in the season (2004 - 2005) when there was much more rainfall than in a 90 typical year. She also found that the invasive plants lost less wate r each day through the pores in their leaves than the native plants di d regardless of the growing season. Th is water conservation along with the higher growth rate when water is abundant 95 seems to accoun t for the invasive plants' ability to outcompete the native plants. Growth Rates of Native and Invasive Plants in the Sonoran Desert during Two 100 Growing Seasons Adapted from Sarah Kimball et al., "High Water -Use Efficiency and Growth Contribute to Success of Non -Native Erodium cicutarium in a Sonoran Desert Winter Annual Community." ©2014 by Sarah Kimball et al 42 As used in line 16, “gain ” most nearly means A) profit. B) increase. C) traverse. D) reach. 43 43 Based on the information in Passage 1, which area would be LEAST likely to be colonized by a fast -growing invasive plant species? A) A wetland area that was recently converted to farmland but now commonly experiences flooding and soil erosion B) A forested area that has numerous species of plants and has received a nearly normal amount of rainfall over the last five years C) A previously forested area that experienced a fire within the last year and currently has few species of grasses and herbaceous plants growing D) A plains area that has experienced drought over the last seven years and has fewer species of plants than before the drought began 44 44 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 7 -11 (“The problems... spread”) B) Lines 12 -17 (“Although ... range”) C) Lines 2 1-26 (“Hypotheses …invader ”） D) Lines 32 -34 (“Plant …colonized ”） 45 45 As used in line 36, “supported” most nearly means A) championed. B) assisted. C) braced. D) Substantiated. 46

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 16 1 1 CONTINUE 46 Which choice provides the best evidence from Passage 2 that plant growth in Kimbal l’s experimental plots and control plots was similar over the growing season? A) Lines 69 -72 (“The experimental ..unsprayed ”） B) Lines 72 -75 (“At the … mass of each plant") C) Lines 75 -79 (“The results ... invasion”) D) Lines 82 -88 (“She found ... year ”） 47 47 In Passage 2, the main purpose of the information in lines 89 -91 (“She … season” ）is to A) provide background information about leaf structure in desert plants. B) refute the claim made by the author of Passage 1 about the resource hypothesis. C) refute the claim presented in Passage 2 that pinweed plants are overtaking heronbill plants in the Sonoran Desert. D) support the conclusion that water avai lability is essential to pinweed’s mechanism of invasion. 48 48 According to the graph, the relative growth rate in the 2007 -2008 season, in mg of growth per day/mg of plant mass, of the heronbill plants in Kimbal l’s study was closest to which of the fol lowing? A) 0.045 B) 0.050 C) 0.060 D) 0.065 49 49 An idea central to both Passage 1 and Passage 2 is that A) competition for the a cquisition of space exists between native and normative plant B) a hypothe sis shou ld not be tested without the proper use of experimental and control groups C) efforts to control the spread of invasive plants in North America have bee n unsucc ess ful. D) natural events such as fires and hurricanes can have a devastating effect on plant life, 50 50 Which choice best states the r elation ship between the two passage s? A) Passage 2 expands on the research study discu ssed in Passage 1. B) Passage 2 presents support for a controversial policy presented in Passage 1. C) Pa ssag e 2 que stio ns the conclusions drawn by the author of Passage 1. D) Passage 2 presents a specific example of the general topic discussed in Passage 1

May QAS 5/6/2017 17 1 1 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 51 Wh ich claim from Passage I about an area colonized by an invasive species was directly tested in the experiment described in the second paragraph of Passage 2 (lin es 65 -79) ? A) Native p lants are susceptible to chemicals produced by an invasive species. B) An invasive species’ col onization of a new range is facilitated by having fewer insects that feed on it. C) Fast -growing native plants can effectively colonize areas with abundant resources. D) High r esource availability b enefit s fast -growi ng invasive species Based on information in the passages, do the data in the graph better support the enemy release hypothesis or the resource hypothesis? A) The enemy release hypothesis in the 2007 - 2008 growing season, the growth rates of the pinweed plants and the heronbill plants were the same B) The enemy release hypothesis, because the growth rate of the pinweed plants was greater in a growing season that was free of insects were present. C) The resource hypothesis, because the pinweed plants had a greater relative growth rate than the heronbill plants did in a season with greater than average rainfall. D) The resource, because the mass of the fruits on the pinweed plants was the same as the mass of the fruits on the heronbill plants in the 2007 -2008 growing season. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. If you want 2015 -2017 TOEFL real test materials, please go to www.teachai.cn 52

May QAS 5/6/2017 18 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer th e qu estion s in this section. Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas . For other questions, you will consider how the pass age might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A pass age or a question may be accompan ied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined p ortion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or a sk you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the pa ssage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE ” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is. Questions 1 -11 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. New National Parks Under the Antiquities Act of 1906, the Organic Act of 1916 , and other federal laws, the US government has the power to take custody of land 1 when having historical significance or great natural beauty. The designation of a territory as a national park, national monument, or other 2 types of protected area can limit activities such as oil dr illing and logging and provide funding for staff to work on preservation, maintenance, and visitor assistance. Federally protected lands are 1 1 A) NO CHANGE B) for its having C) that has D) for it has 2 2 A) NO CHANGE B) type of protected area C) type of protected areas D) protected area types DIRECTION S

May QAS 5/6/2017 19 2 2 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal extremely popular, 3 with 270 million visitors e ach year to national parks alone, but in recent years critics have complained that these public lands ar e a burden on the federal budget t hat limits econ omic development. In fact, however, maintaining and expanding the land under public protection would be an economic b enefi t to many parts of the Uni ted States. So me commentators claim that there 4 is an excess of too many pressing constraints on the federal bu dget to commit funds to federal land protection. But the 2014 budgets of the National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management totaled significantl y less than 1 percent of the national budget — hardly enough to make a considerable difference in overall government spending. Where protection does have a major economic impact is in local 5 communities visitors to protected lands need food, fuel, and lodg ing, and businesses that cater to these needs provide job opportunities in the surrounding communities. 3 A) NO CHANGE B) being C) to have D) some 4 4 A) NO CHANGE B) is too much of an excess of C) are, in abundance, too many D) are too many 5 5 A) NO CHANGE B) communities ; while visitors C) communities, visitors D) communities. Visitors

May QAS 5/6/2017 20 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE 6 In the western United States, federal control of large areas of land has been a source of political controversy . According to a report from Headwaters Economics, a research group th at studies land manag ement in t he West, rural counties with mo re than 30 p ercent of their land unde r federal protection 7 saw job growth of more than 300 percent from 1970 to 2010. Rural counties with no protected land saw smaller increases in employment than did coun ties with protected land. A look at the economic effects of Yellowstone National Park reveals the profound impact 6 6 Which choice provides the best introduction to the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) The influx of money from tourism is particularly important in areas such as the western United States, where most federally protected lands are located. C) The national park that has the most dramatic economic impact on the surrounding area is Yellowstone National Park, which is spread across parts of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. D) It is often a challenge to balance the interests of local industries with those of visitors to federally protec ted lands. 7 7 Which choice provides accurate and relevant information from the graph? A) NO CHANGE B) saw slightly less job growth than those with less than 10 percent of lands under federal protection C) had rates of job growth that were considerably higher than those of rural counties in the eastern United States D) saw job growth decline from nearly 350 percent to just under 300 percent

May QAS 5/6/2017 21 2 2 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal protected lands can have in a rural region. In 2013 ， Yellowstone had more than 3 million 8 tourists. They spent a total of nearly 5380 million in and around the park. 9 Adapted from Headwaters Economics, “West is Best: How Public Lands in the West Create a Competitive Economic Advantage.” © 2012 by Headwaters Economics 8 8 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) tourist, the o nes who spent B) tourists ; spent was C) tourists, who spent D) tourists, but they spent 9 9 At this point, the writer wants to use information from the table below. Economic Contribution of Tourists to the Region of Yellowstone National Park Park visitors Park visitor spending Jobs created Total 3,188,030 $381,763,000 5,300 From tourists 3,090,679 $379,900,000 5,277 Percent from tourists 96.95% 99.51% 99.57% Adapted from Catherine Cullinane Thomas, Christopher Huber, and Lynne Koontz. 20 13 National Park Visitor Spending E ffects ： Econo mic Contributions to Local Communities, States, and the Nation. Published in 2014 by the National Park Service . Which choice provides accurate and relevant evidence from the table to support the paragraph’s claim? (If you need answers of this test, please contact wechat kangkanglaoshi ) A) These tourists made up nearly 97 percent of all the visitors to the park in that year. B) This in coming money was enough to support more than 5,000 jobs in the Yellowstone region. C) Residents of the region tended to spend less money in and around the park than tourists did. D) As per -visitor spending in the park shows, visiting Yellowstone is a relatively economical vacation.

May QAS 5/6/2017 22 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE Many communities in the Uni ted State s could gain signific ant tourist 10 revenue: if site s of natural beauty or historical significance — such as Idaho’s Boulder - White Clouds and Utah’s Cedar Mesa Plateau — were granted national park status. Given the economic benefits of protecting these and other proposed wilderness areas around the country, 11 additional laws are needed to ensure that the natural and historical legacy of the United States is preserved for future generations. 10 10 A) NO CHANGE B) revenue, if sites of natural beauty, C) revenue if sites of natural beauty, D) revenue if sites of natural beauty 11 11 Which choice most logically concludes the passage? A) NO CHANGE B) national parks would provide more economic gains if they were managed more like businesses C) It is time for the federal government to consider an additional investment in protected lands. D) Protected lands should be extended to more urban parts of the country as well.

May QAS 5/6/2017 23 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE Questons12 -22 are based on the following passage. Goin g into Historical Detai l Many film s depic t a hi stori cal figure, event, or time per iod . Take, for example, Stev en Spie lberg’s 2012 histori cal drama Lincoln, a film focu sed on the life of former president Abraham Linc oln, or Steve McQueen ’s 2013 fil m 12 Years a Slave, based on an 1853 memoir by former American slave Solomon Northup. Both Spielberg and Mc Qu een hired hi stor ical consultants to provide expert opinion on the costumes, props, and dial ogue used in these films. Some filmmakers expect historical consultants to commit to long -term 12 projects. Other filmmakers give historical consultants tasks that can be completed in a short period of time. In the 2003 historical film Master and Commander , a team of consultants was tasked with re-creating life aboard an 1805 warship. One of these consultants spent months training actors to operate cannons . Regardless of a project ’s s cope, however , the task of a historical consultant is always the same: to enhance the accuracy of a film. Henry Louis Gates Jr ., a prominent scholar of African American history, vetted the script of 12 Years a Slave and 13 serves as the director of Harvard University’s Hutchins Center for African and African American Research. 12 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) projects, while others assign tasks B) projects, but some historical consultants have filmmakers give them tasks C) projects; meanwhile, other filmmakers give historical consultants other tasks D) projects; there are also tasks given by filmmakers 13 13 Which choice gives a second example that best supports the point the writer is making in this paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) even wrote the film’s concluding credits about the mystery surrounding Northup ’s disappearance in 1857. C) has also authored numerous books on African American literature and culture. D) played a large role in discovering and disseminating the earliest novels written by African Americans in the 1850s.

May QAS 5/6/2017 24 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE While historical integrity is important, 14 some directors spend too much time wor rying about it. For instance, a historical consultant for Muster a nd Commander 15 will say the director's desire to emphasize the camaraderie of the ship's officers meant 16 dumping the period's formal social protocol. Duncan Henderson, the film’s producer, acknowledged this tension between the competing demands of accuracy and 17 art: “The mor e real it is, the more the movie moves effortlessly forward because people ar e quickly taken into that world. [But] you don't want to give up the drama of the story just to be technically correct." This deliberate decision to forgo accuracy for cinematic effect, 18 however , may be met with public criticism. When Tony Kushner, the screenwriter tor Lincoln, portrayed two Connecticut congressmen as voting against the Thirteenth Amendment to the 14 14 Which choice most ef fectively sets up the example discussed in this paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) many actors struggle with finding a balance between being historically accurate and conveying emotion. C) audiences often don't realize when there are errors in a historical film. D) other concerns may take precedence. 15 15 A) NO CHANGE B) said C) had been saying D) will have said 16 16 A) NO CHANGE B) ditching C) scrapping D) disregarding 17 17 A) NO CHANGE B) art— “The C) art; the D) art, the 18 18 A) NO CHANGE B) therefore, C) likewise, D) particularly,

May QAS 5/6/2017 25 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal CONTINUE US Constitution, a current Connecticut congressman wrote a letter to the movie studio urging it to correct this error. Kushner responded by stating Lincoln upheld the expectations of a dramatic film because it illustrated the amendment's narrow vote, and Doris Kearns Goodwin, the film's historical 19 consultant, defending Kushner’s script. 20 Why, then, is historical accuracy important in films? Kate William s, a British 21 historian —believes that ''filmmakers have a great responsibility. How they present the past is how it gets remembered.” Historical consultants must 22 assure that filmmakers take this responsibility seriously. As films continue to engage with history, historical consultants will continue to preserve history’s intricacies. 19 19 A) NO CHANGE B) consultant, who defended C) consultant, defended D) consultant to defend 20 20 Which choice provides the most effective transition from the previous paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) What about directors who are less concerned about historical accuracy? C) Consequently, do movies that take place in the very recent past require historical consultants? D) What sources should filmmakers consult to ensure historical accuracy in their films? 2 21 A) NO CHANGE B) historian C) historian, D) historian; 22 22 A) NO CHANGE B) ensure that C) ensure for D) insure for

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 26 2 2 CONTINUE Questions 23 -33 are based on the following passage. Legal Nonrepresentation “All my life,” the sculptor Constantin Brancusi remarked, “I have been seeking to capture the essence of flight.” 23 Bird in Space is a work of abstract art: it is not a readily recognizable representation of the bird in it s title but rather a polished arc of bronze that calls to mind the animal’s graceful airborne motion. With 24 it’s end’s tapering into points, much of the slender 53 -inch curve 25 appear suspended in the air above its marble base. More than just a visually arresting sculpture ,, 26 then , Bird in Space was responsible for changing how the US government recognizes art. 23 23 The writer is con sidering adding following sentence. More than any of Brancus i’s other work s, the 1926 sculpture Bird in Space manages to achi eve that aim. Should the writer ma ke this addition here? A) Yes, because it helps explain why the US government would eventually recognize Bird in Space as a work of art. B) Yes, because it provides an effective tra nsition between the presentation of Brancusi's goal and the discussion of Bird in Space. C) No, because it presents information about Bird in Space that is repeated later in the paragraph. D) No, becaus e it interrupts the explanation of the nature of abstract art. 2 24 A) NO CHANGE B) it’s ends C) its’ ends D) its ends 25 25 A) NO CHANGE B) is appearing C) has appeared D) appears 26 26 A) NO CHANGE B) at any rate, C) though, D) therefore,

May QAS 5/6/2017 27 2 2 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal In the 1920s , abstract art like Brancusi’s was a new phenomenon, a sharp contrast to more traditionally representational paintings and statue s, so it is perhaps unsurprising that Bird in Space received a mixed reception. The g eneral public struggled to fin d artistic value in the sculpture; indeed, many struggled to see it as a w ork o f art at all. O ne newspaper likened it to “half an airplane propeller,'' while 27 also calling it "a tall, slender, highly polished object. ” Within the art world, however, Bird in Sp ace was recogniz ed as a beautiful and innov ative work o f modern s culpture. Such recognition led the art collector Edward Steichen to buy the piece and have it shipped to his New York City home from Brancusi's Paris studio. The import ation of the sculp ture brought it to the attention of the US Customs Bureau. The agency's view re flecte d that of the general public: when Bird in Space came to the United States from France, the Customs Bureau classified it not as a work of art but as an industrial object. That classif ication carried with it substantial consequences. Works o f 28 art, could be imported to the United States duty -fre e, but industrial mat erials were t axed at rates of up to 40 percent o f 29 thei r purchase value. As a result, Bird in Space faced an import tax of $229 .35—more than a third of the $600 St eich en paid for it. 27 Which choice gives a second supporting example that is most similar to the example already in the sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) another mocked it as an “expensive potato masher .” C) Brancusi considered it symbol of flight liberating man from the narrow confines of lifeless matter." D) art critic Frank Crowninshield stated that it had “the suggestion of flight" 2 8 28 A) NO CHANGE B) art —could C) art could D) art could, 29 29 A) NO CHANGE B) its C) one’s D) his

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 28 2 2 CONTINUE Brancusi, in turn, sued the US government, aiming to 30 score recognition of his sculpture as art. The resultant 1927 court case, Brancusi v. United States, attempted to answer for the American public the question of whether abstract works like Brancusi's should be considered art. After hearing a lineup of 31 well -known, famous art critics testify to the aesthetic value and originality of nonrepresentational a rt like Bird in Space, 32 the courts ruling was in favor of Brancusi . The decision 33 meant that the public had finally come to recognize the artistic value of nonrepresentational art. 30 30 A) NO CHANGE B) secure C) land D) gather up 31 31 A) NO CHANGE B) well -known and famous C) famously well -known D) famous 32 32 A) NO CHANGE B) the ruling of the court was in favor of Brancusi. C) the court ruled in favor of Brancusi. D) Brancusi was the favorable receiver o f the court ’s ruling. 33 33 The writer wants a conclusion that reiterates the main idea expressed in the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) was a great victory for art collectors like Steichen: a major impediment to their ability to import artworks from Europe had been eliminated. C) would forever broaden the range of art acknowledged by the US government: from then on, customs law would recognize both abstract and traditional works within the category of art D) concerning the value of abstract works such as Bird in Space would take many more years to be made in the court of public opinion, however.

May QAS 5/6/2017 29 2 2 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Questions 34 -44 are based on the following passage. Petrified Lightning Scientists estimate that 34 two thousand is roughly the number of thunderstorms that rage over Earth at any given time and that lightning strikes the ground twenty times every second. Lightning bolts can be up to five times hotter than the surface of the 35 Sun. This is far hotter than the meltin g point of silica, the compound that is the primary constituent of sand and most types of rock. (Silica is also the essential ingredient used in making glass.) Under certain circumstances, when lightning strikes sand or rock, evidence of the strike is left behind in the form of a fulgurite, sometimes called petrified lightning. 34 34 A) NO CHANGE B) approximately two thousand thunderstorms C) right around two thousand thunderstorms D) two thousand is approximately how many thunderstorms 35 35 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) Sun; this temperature of the lightning bolts is B) Sun, and this temperature is C) Sun; however, this is D) Sun —

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 30 2 2 CONTINUE [1] Fi rst discov ere d in 170 6, these formations are found in two varieties; sand fulgurites and the much less common rock fulgurites. [2] As it cools, the silica lining forms a glass -walled cavity that may look like 36 a plants’ root system .[3] Sand that adhered to the molten silic a as it solidified forms a casing around the fragile glassy structure. [4] Sand fulgurites form when the intense energy of a lightning bolt rapidly heats moist air trapped in sandy soil and the resulting explosive expansion creates a void lined with melte d silica . [5] Rock fulgurites, found almost exclusively on the peaks of mountains, appear as a thin, glassy crust on 37 the surface of a rock or along fractures within them. 38 Because glass is very resistant to weathering, fulgurites may last a very long 39 time; the oldest example is estimated to be 250 million years old —and give scientists a unique window into the past. The formation of a fulgurite occurs in only a fraction of a 3 36 A) NO CHANGE B) a plant’s root system, C) a plant’s toot systems’. D) plants root system’s 37 37 A) NO CHANGE B) the rocky surface C) a rock’s surface D) the surface of rocks 38 38 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed A) where it is now, B) after sentence 1. C) after sentence 2. D) after sentence 5. 39 39 A) NO CHANGE B) time. The C) time, the D) time — the

May QAS 5/6/2017 31 2 2 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal second, so air bubbles are often trapped in the coo ling glass and c an be ana lyzed to reveal the atmospheric composition at the time the fulgurite was cr eated..40 There is also a practical reason for stud ying fulgurites. 41 When researchers dig them up ver y caref ully, fulgurites can rem ain int act alter the y are extracted from the ground . Abo veg round power lin es are often struck by lightning, causing power outages, but the 42 affects of lightning on buried power lines wore not investigated until the 1990 s. Research at the Uni versit y of Florida h as shown t hat lightning c an also di sable 40 40 At this point, the writer is considering adding the follow ing sentence. Gases trapped 15,000 years ago in fulgurites from the Sahara desert, for example, demonstrate t hat the region was once much wetter and prone to thunderstorms. Should the writer make th is addition her e? A) Yes, because it provides an example o f the paragra ph's pint about the uses o f fulgurites in research. B) Yes , because it continues the passage's explanation of how fulgurites are formed. C) No, because it blurs the paragraph's focus by introducing a discussion of changing clima tes D) NO, bec aus e it undermines the paragraph's claim abo ut ho w quick ly fulgurites form. 41 41 Which choice best introduces the information that follows? A) NO CHANGE B) Lightning plays a majo r role in p owe r distribution system failures in areas where thunderstorm activity is high. C) One project conducted in 1996 excavated the world's longest known fulgurite , w hich has three branches measuring eight, fourteen, and sixteen feet. D) Seasonal variations in storms mean that certain times of the year are best for collecting data on lightning. 42V 42 A) NO CHANGE B) affects from C) effects of D) effects by

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 32 2 2 CONTINUE underground power systems because the strikes keep moving below ground. Examination of fulgurites around buried power systems 43 help scientists determine the most effective shielding materials for power lines. Florida averages about twenty -five to forty l ightning strikes per square mile each 44 year, so the scientists hope their work can help mitigate the damage caused by so many strikes. 43 43 A) NO CHANGE B) have helped C) are helping D) is helping 44 44 Which choice most effectively completes the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) year, and lightning strikes are dangerous to residents of the state as well as damaging to its infrastructure. C) year, but it is difficult to determine precisely how many of those strikes leave behind fulgurites. D) year. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. If you want 2015 -2017 TOEFL real test materials, please go to www.teachai.cn

May QAS 5/6/2017 33 3 3 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Math Test - No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. DIRECTIONS For questions 1 -15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16 -20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions be fore question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. NOTES 1. The use of a calculator is not permitted. 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. REFERENCE The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 34 3 3 CONTINUE 1 In the -plane, what is the -inter cept of the line with equations ? A) 4 B) C) D) -1 2 For the funtiong f above, what is the value of A) B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 3(x+y)=12 If(x,y)is a solution to the system of equations above, what is the value of y? A) -6 B) -2 C) 2 D) 6 4 In economics, the equilib rium price is defined as the price a t whi ch quantity demanded and quantity suppl ied are equal. I f the quantity demanded, D, and qua ntity suppli ed, S, in terms of the price in dollars. P, are give n by the equations above , what is the equilibrium price? A) $0 B) $60 C) $80 D) $120 5 xy y 1 4   x y 4 1 4 1 2 3 x )x(f 2 1 2 5 3 2x p D 4 3 60   P S 4 1

May QAS 5/6/2017 35 3 3 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 5 If ,what is the value of x? A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7 6 6 A chef plans to cook a maximum of 100 entr ées for a dinner party ； each entrée will include either chicken or fish. The cost of ingredients for each chicken entrée is $7, and the cost of ingredients for each fish entrée is $9. If no more than $850 can be spent on ingredients for the entrées and the chef cooks c chicken e ntrées and fish entrées, which of the following systems best represents the constraints on c and ? A) B) C) D) 7 If x+y=13 and x -y=2 ,what is the value of ? A) 4 B) 26 C) 121 D) 165 8 8 Every Saturday, Bob bakes loaves of bread to sell at the farmer’s market. Each loaf costs him $1 to make, and he sells the loaves for $3 each. He also pays a vendors fee of $75 every Saturday to set up his booth. What is the least number of loaves of bread Bob needs to sell every Saturday to cover the cost of the vendor ’s fee? A) 38 B) 37 C) 25 D) 19 0 9 2 6 2 2      ) x( ) x （ f f 16 f c 100 9 7   f c 100 f c 850 9 7   f c 100 f c 850 9 7   f c 100 f c 850 9 7   f c 2 2 y x 

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 36 3 3 CONTINUE 9 In the right triangle above, the tangent of ∠A is . What is the sine of ∠B ? A) B) C) D) 10 10 In the equation above , w , x, and z are each greater than 1. Which of the following is equivalent to ? A) -x B) C) D) 11 The pressure exerted on an object under water increases by 1 atmosphere every 33 feet below the surface of the water. At sea level, the pressure is 1 atmosphere. Which equation gives the total pressure , in atmospheres, exerted on an underwater object at a depth of feet below sea level? A) B) C) D) 12 4 3 5 3 4 3 5 4 3 5 yz wx xyz wxy    y x 1 z xz  1 z xz wx wx   p f 33 f p f p 33 1 33   f p 1 33   f p

May QAS 5/6/2017 37 3 3 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 12 Which of the following equations has a graph in the plane with no -intercepts? A) y = x 2 + 3x + 4 B) y = x 2-5x-6 C) y = 3x 2 D) y = 2x -5 13 13 What is the -coordinate of the point of intersection, in the -plane, of the graphs of the equations above? A) 1 B) 2 C) D) 6 . 14 Which of the following expressions is equiva lent to ? A) B) C) D) 16x 15 15 In the figure above, BC = 5, and the length of line segment AD is half the length of line segment CD. What is the length of line segment DE ? A) B) C) D) DIRECTIONS  xy x 1 5   x y 2 3 2    x x y y xy 4 9 21 2) 16( x x4 x8 x8 5 2 5 3 3 5 2 5

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 38 3 3 CONTINUE DIRECTTIONS For questions 16 -20 , solve the p roblem and enter your answer in the grid as described be low, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, it is suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to he lp you f ill in the circles accurately. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly. 2. Mark no more than one circle in any co lumn. 3. No question has a negative answer. 4. Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid on ly o ne answer. 5. Mixed numbers such as must be gridded as 3 .5 or 7/2. ( If is entere d into the grid, it will be interpreted as , not ). 6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate it may be either rounded or truncated but it must fill the entire grid 16 2 13 2 31 2 13

May QAS 5/6/2017 39 3 3 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 16 In the equations and , a and are constants. When the product is written in the form , where c is a constant, what is the value of ? 17 17 Isabella sells only rings and necklaces on her website. Rings sell for $50 each, and necklaces sell for $30 each. If Isabella sold 25 pieces of jewelry and her sales totaled $1050, how many necklaces did Isabella sell? 18 18 What value of h is the solution of the equation above? 19 19 If and , what is the value of ?20 20 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, the circle has center A, and line segment CB is tangent to the circle at point C. If AB = 1.0 and CB = 0.8, what is the length of the diameter of the circle? STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. If you want 2015 -2017 TOEFL real test materials, please go to www.teachai.cn 4 x a 4 x b b ab c x 2 c 21 2 2 21 . h ) h(.    0r r r 2 1 2 93  r

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 40 4 4 CONTINUE Math Test - Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. DIRECTIONS For questions 1 -30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31 -38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. NOTES 1. The use of a calculator is permitted. 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a r eal number. REFERENCE The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is . The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 1 2

May QAS 5/6/2017 41 4 4 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 1 Ms. Anderson currently has 550 contacts on an online professional networking site. Her goal is to have at least 1,000 contacts . If she wants to meet this goal in 25 weeks, what is the minimum number of contacts per week, on average, she should add? A) 18 B) 19 C) 21 D) 22 2 2 At her summer job, Paula earns the same amount of money for each hour she works. If she earns $240 for working 20 hours, how much does she earn for 5 hours? A) $12 B) $50 C) $60 D) $100 3 3 If , what is the value of ? A) 8 B) 10 C) 11 D) 13 4 4 Yuna sold boxes of cookies and bags of candy. The ratio of the number of boxes of cookies she sold to the number of bags of candy she sold was 2 to 1. If Yuna sold 8 boxes of cookies, how many bags of candy did she sell? A) 4 B) 8 C) 10 D) 16 24 3 x 3 2 x

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 42 4 4 CONTINUE 5 For each repair job, an elevator technician charges r dollars per hour for each hour worked plus a flat fee of k dollars. If the technician charges $210 for a 2 -hour job, which of the following represents the relationship between and k ? A) B) C) D) 6 6 A box in the shape of a right rectangular prism has a volume of 60 cubic inches. If the dimensions of the box are 3 inches by 5 inches by h inches, what is the value of ? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 7 7 A 15 -foot wire and a 5 -foot wire were each cut completely into 10 -inch pieces. How many more 10 -inch pieces resulted from the 15 -foot wire than from the 5 -foot wire? (12 inches = 1 foot) A) 6 B) 9 C) 12 D) 18 8 8 Parabola D in the -plane has equation . Which equation shows the x-intercept(s) of the parabola as constants or coefficients? A) B) C) D) 9 r r k 2 210   r k 2 210 k r 2 210 k r 2 210   h xy 0 11 8 2 2     y y x 11 8 2 2    y y x 3 2 2 2   ) y( x 2 2 2 3 ) y( x    2 2 3   x y

May QAS 5/6/2017 43 4 4 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 9 The sum of two different numbers and is 70, and the difference when the smaller number is subtracted from the larger number is 30. What is the value of ? A) 100 B) 210 C) 1,000 D) 2,100 10 10 A ball was dropped from a height of 1.5 meters and hit the ground several times. The graph above represents the height h, in meters, of the ball t seconds after it was dropped. Of the following, which best approximates the maximum height, in meters, of the ball between the second and third time it hit the ground? A) 0.2 B) 0.4 C) 0.8 D) 1.5 11 x y xy

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 44 4 4 CONTINUE 11 Which of the following is an equation of the circle in the -plane that has center (0,0) and radius 4 ? A) x2 + y 2 = 4 B) C) x2 + y 2 = 16 D) x2 + y 2 = 64 12 12 Which of the following expressions is equival ent to ， whe re and ? A) B) C) D) xy 8 2 2   y x 2 1 3 9 16 ) y x ( 0x 0y 2 3 3 4 y x 2 3 2 9 4 y x 3 3 8 y x 3 2 9 8 y x

May QAS 5/6/2017 45 4 4 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 13 At the beginning of a laboratory experiment, Miguel had 10 milliliters of a solution in a flask. The first step of the experiment consisted of Miguel pouring milliliters of the solution into a beaker and milliliters of the solution into a different beaker. There remained at least 4 milliliters of the solution in the flask after the first step . which of the following inequalities can be used to correctly represent this situation? A) B) C) D) 14 14 To determine if cooking with olive oil reduces the risk of heartburn for men, researchers interviewed a random sample of 5,500 men who had no history of heartburn. Study participants were identified as either regular or occasional olive oil users. Five years later, researchers interviewed the men again. They found that the proportion of men who experienced frequent heartburn was significantly lower for men identified as regular olive oil users Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion of the study? A) Olive oil use causes a reduction in the risk of hea rtburn for men and women. B) Olive oil use causes a reduction in the risk of heartburn for men but not necessarily for women. C) There is an association between olive oil use and the risk of heartburn for men and women, but it is not necessarily a cause -and -effe ct relationship. D) There is an association between olive oil use and the risk of heartburn for men, but it is not necessarily a cause -and -effect relationship, and the association may not exist for women. x y 4 10    y x 4 10    y x 5 4    y x 5 4    y x

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 46 4 4 CONTINUE Questions 15 and 16 ref er to the following Information. A wildlife biologist uses the formula above to estimate the height h, in centimeters, of an elephant from its foot to its shoulder, based on the circumference , in centimeters, o f the elephant's footprint. 15 15 If the wildlife biologist finds a circular elephant footprint that has a diameter of 30 centimeters (cm) while on a zoological study, which o f the following is closest to the biologist s estimate o f the elephant's height? A) 90.0 cm B) 94.2 cm C) 188.4 cm D) 282.6 cm 16 16 The circumference c of a mother elephant's circular footprint is 4 times the circumference o f a baby elephant's circular footprint. What is the ratio of the height of the mother to the height of the baby? A) 1 to 4 B) 1 to 3 C) 4 to l D) 4 to 3 17 17 If ,and ,what is the value of ? A) B) C) D) 2 18 18 x2 + y = 7 x-y = 5 Which value is a -coordinate of a solution to the system o f equations above? A) -8 B) -3 C) -2 D) 6 c h 3 c 4 2 24 ) x( ) x( a 1x a 4 1 3 1 2 1 y

May QAS 5/6/2017 47 4 4 CONTINUE Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Questions 19 and 20 ref er to th e following Information. An airplane flies directly from a city in Pennsylvania to a city in Ecuador. The equation above estimates the distance ,in miles, from the city in Ecuador of the airplane hours after taking off from the city in P ennsylvania. 19 19 Which of the following is the best interpretation of the number 2,565 in this contest? A) The sp ed, in miles per h our, o f the airplane B) The distance , in miles, the airplane travels in one hour C) The distance, in miles, the airplane travels between the two cities D) The time, in minutes, it takes the airplane to reach the city in Ecuador 20 20 According to t he equation, approximately how many hours will it take the airplane to travel between the two cities? A) 6.2 B) 5.8 C) 5.3 D) 5.1 21 21 The scatterplot above shows the number of surveys sent lo and returned from people in 17 di fferent neighborhoods. A line of best lit for the data is also shown. For the neighborhood that had surveys sent to 800 people, which of the following is closest to the positive d iffe renc e between the actual number of surveys returned and the number predicted by the line of bes t fit shown? A) 150 B) 170 C) 200 D) 250 t , d 500 5652   d t

Unauthofued copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal May QAS 5/6/2017 48 4 4 CONTINUE Questions 22 and 23 ref er to th e following Information. Annual Production (thousands of units) Factory W Factory Z Product P 21 32 Product Q 14 24 Projected Annual Revenue from Sales of Product P (millions of dollars) f(x)=a(x - 250) 2+k A company makes and sells only two products, P and Q ，and makes all products at factories W and Z. The table above shows the number of units of each product made at each factory during a year. The function above represents the projected annual revenue from sales of product P as a functio n of the price per unit, where a and k are constants. 22 22 Based on the graph of , which of the following is a factor of( ) ? A) x-15 B) x-240 C) x-250 D) x-500 23 23 Which of the following is closest to the percent of the total number of units of products P and Q combined that are made at factory Z annually? A) 38% B) 56% C) 62% D) 91% 24 f f x

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