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Science tests Mark scheme for Paper X National curriculum assessments Science tests Mark schemes Tests A and B, levels 3–52009 Sc KEY STAGE 2 LEVELS 3–5CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 1

First published 2009 © Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 2009 ISBN 978-1-84721-684-7 Reproduction, storage, adaptation or translation, in any form or by any means, of this publication is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher, unless within the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Excerpts may be reproduced for the purpose of research, private study, criticism or review, or by educational institutions solely for educational purposes, without permission, providing full acknowledgement is given. Printed in Great Britain by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority under the authority and superintendence of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament. The Qualifications and Curriculum Authority is an exempt charity under Schedule 2 of the Charities Act 1993. Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 83 Piccadilly London W1J 8QA www.qca.org.uk QCA wishes to make its publications widely accessible. Please contact us if you have any specific accessibility requirements.CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 2

Marking the science tests As in 2008, external markers, employed by the external marking agencies under contract to QCA, will mark the test papers. The markers will follow the mark schemes in this booklet, which is supplied to teachers for information. This booklet contains the mark schemes for the levels 3–5 tests A and B. Level threshold tables will be posted on the NAA website (www.naa.org.uk/tests) on 22 June 2009. General guidance The structure of the mark schemes The marking information for each question is set out in the form of tables. The ‘question’ column on the left-hand side of each table provides a quick reference to the question number and question part. The‘mark’column gives the number of marks available for each question part. The ‘requirements’column may include three types of information: ■ a general statement describing what is required for the award of the mark ■ examples of specific creditworthy responses showing correct science ■ examples of creditworthy responses beyond the key stage 2 programme of study. The ‘allowable answers’column gives examples of allowable creditworthy responses, showing correct science which may not be as clearly expressed. The ‘additional guidance’column may include different types of information: ■ specific responses which are not creditworthy either because information from the question has been rephrased, or because the responses imply incorrect scientific knowledge ■ answers which are insufficient in themselves to gain credit, but are not incorrect science, and would therefore not lose credit if used with a correct response. Where two marks are available for a question which requires therelationship between two continuous variables to be described, the following will apply: ■ twomarks will be awarded for a creditworthy general comparison of the variables in question, eg the biggerthe grains, the longerthe sugar takes to dissolve ■ onemark will be awarded for a pair of creditworthy specific comparisons, eg big grains dissolve slowlyand small grains dissolvefast ■ onemark will be awarded for a single creditworthy comparison, eg the biggest grains dissolve most slowly. Where one mark is available for a question which requires therelationship between two continuous variables to be described, the following will apply: ■ onemark will be awarded for a creditworthy general comparison of the variables in question, eg the biggerthe grains, the longerthe sugar takes to dissolve ■ onemark will be awarded for a pair of creditworthy specific comparisons, eg big grains dissolve slowlyand small grains dissolvefast. Applying the mark schemes The mark schemes give scientifically correct answers to each question as well as providing guidance on, and examples of, other answers which are allowable. In cases of alternative wording or where an answer is drawn rather than written, external markers will exercise their professional judgement. 1CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 3

The pupil gives two or more responses to a particular question part. The pupil has not used ticks to indicate the correct response in a multiple-choice question. The pupil ticks more than the required number of boxes. In a planning question, no answer is given in the expected place but the correct answer is given in the drafting box. The pupil misspells a word.a) If a pupil qualifies a scientifically correct answer with a scientifically incorrect statement, no mark will be awarded for that question part. b) If a pupil qualifies a scientifically correct answer with an incorrect statement which is not relevant to the context of the question, the latter response is regarded as ‘neutral’ and the mark will be awarded. Any unambiguous positive indication of the correct answer will be accepted. Ticks take precedence over any other form of response. Therefore, when ticks and any other sort of response are given together, the boxes with ticks will be assumed to be the pupil’s response. If the correct boxes are left blank, no marks will be awarded. One mark will be deducted for each incorrect answer. Negative marks will not be awarded. Where a pupil has shown understanding of the question, the mark(s) will be given. a) If it is clear that the pupil has made a simple error, eg ‘tow’ for ‘two’ or ‘son’ for ‘sun’, then the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded. b) If a pupil misspells a word copied from the text of the question or from a selection given, and the new word does not have any inappropriate meaning, the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded. c) If specific scientific vocabulary is required in the answer, a creditworthy misspelling must be a phonetic equivalent of the required word, with the major syllables of the correct word represented in the answer. What if...? Marking procedure Recording marks awarded In the margin, alongside each question part, there is a mark box for each question part. Depending on the type of response made to each part of each question by the pupil, the external marker will put one of the following into each box: ‘1’ for an acceptable/allowable response ‘0’ for an incorrect response ‘–’ if no response is made. The number of marks gained on each double page will be written in the box at the bottom of the right-hand page. The total number of marks gained on each paper will be recorded on the front of the test paper. Each paper has the following number of marks available: ■ Test A has 40 ■ Test B has 40. The 2009 key stage 2 science tests and mark schemes were developed by the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) on behalf of QCA. 2 In order to ensure consistency of marking, the most frequent queries are listed below, with the action the marker will take.CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 4

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4Test A question 1: Human bodyAward ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for an indication that the function of the heart is to pump blood (around the body):■the heart / it pumps blood (around the body). ❖Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study, indicating other materials the heart pumps around the body:■the heart pumps oxygen /carbon dioxide (around the body)■it pumps hormones■the heart pumps antibodies■it pumps sugar/nutrients. Award ONEmark for:■smoking cigarettes 1a i 2/2c 1a ii 2/2c 1b 2/2g1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■it makes blood move■it pushes/sends/circulates blood.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■pumps■it runs/takes blood around the body.✓✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 4

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.5Test A question 1: Human body (continued)Award ONEmark for an understanding that brushing removes plaque/food / bacteria /acid /sugar from teeth:■it does not let sugar build up■it helps get rid of micro-organisms / plaque/acid. Award ONEmark for:■The skeleton is moved by themuscles when the body moves. Award ONEmark for:■The bones in the skeleton arerigidso that they can support the body. 1c 2/2a 1d i 2/2e 1d ii 3/1a1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■it makes the teeth clean■the fluoride in the toothpaste prevents tooth decay.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■it brushes the decay off. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response describing the cause of tooth decay:■(if you do not brush) sugar will rot your teeth. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not show awareness of the cause of decay:■it makes teeth whiter/brighter■it makes teeth healthy■it fights/stops bacteria■use toothpaste.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 5

6Award ONEmark for bothcorrect boxes ticked:■toy truck■Award ONEmark for a general comparison describing the relationship between the number of turnsof the key and the distancethe truck travels:■the more the key is turned, the further the truck will travel■the less the key is turned, the less distance the truck goes. 2a 1/2d 2b 1/2i,j1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for two specific comparisons describing the relationship:■when the key is turned a lot of times the truck goes a long way, but if it is turned once it does not move at all■when the key was turned three times the truck went 150 cm, but it did not move with one turn. Award ONEmark for a general comparison or two specific comparisons using the term ‘longer’ to indicate the truck travels further:■the more turns, the longer it will go.Do not give credit for an insufficient response giving a single comparison of the variables:■the truck travels a long way when the key is turned a lot■the largest number of turns makes it go far. Do not give credit for an insufficient response using the term ‘longer’ to describe the number of turns of the key:■the truck goes further when you wind the key up for longer. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that changes a variable:■the truck travels for a longer amount of time the more the key is turned■the more the key is turned, the faster the truck goes.the surface the truck is on✓ ✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceTest A question 2: Toy truckCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 6

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.7Test A question 2: Toy truck (continued)Award ONEmark for:■no AND a response indicating that the toy travels further on the wooden floor than on the carpet (for the same number of turns of the key):■with three turns the truck went 363 cm on wood but only 150 cm on carpet■(if the key is turned the same number of times) the truck travels further on the wood than the carpet■on one turn the truck went 110 cm but it did not move at all on carpet. Award ONEmark for explaining that there is more friction with the carpet ( because it is rougher) orthat there is less friction with wood (because it is smoother):■the wood is smoother than the carpet so there is less friction■the carpet is soft so there is more friction■there is less friction with /on the (smooth) wood■the friction is greater with /on the carpet. 2c 1/2k,j 2d 4/2c 1/2l1m 1mAward ONEmark for:■no AND a response which does not explicitly state that the truck travelled further on wood:■(if the key is given two turns) the truck travels 66 cm on carpet and 242 cm on wood. ONEmark may be awarded if neither box is ticked, but the creditworthy explanation indicates unambiguously that the pupil believes the measurements do not support the prediction. ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating the presence of greater friction:■the carpet has more friction. ONEmark may be awarded for:■the friction on the carpet and wood is different.Do not give credit if the ‘yes’ box is ticked. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that explains why the truck travels further on wood than on carpet:■wood is smooth so there is less friction. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■there is more friction on the wood■the carpet is smoother than wood. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that omits reference to the force or friction:■the wood/carpet is smoother/rougher■the carpet is soft.✓✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 7

8Test A question 3: In the gardenAward ONEmark for:■key. Award TWOmarks for a response which identifies a feature that could be used to sort the plants ANDfor sorting the plants consistently:■Plants with Plants with yellow flowers yellow flowers and and four petals five petals■Plants with Plants with yellow flowers yellow flowers and and heart-shaped/sharp/pointy round petals petals■Plants with Plants with yellow flowers yellow flowers and and smooth/curved jagged/spiky leaves leaves 3a 2/4b 3b 1/2h 2/4b1m 2mTWOmarks may be awarded for a response where the description of one group is slightly ambiguous, but when taken in conjuction with a description of the other group, and the correct sorting, the meaning becomes apparent:■Plants with Plants with yellow flowers yellow flowers and and fine leaves rough/prickly/ pointy/sharp leaves smooth leaves ridged leavesDo notgive credit for an insufficient response where the plants have been sorted into two groups (even if correct) but no appropriate classification rule has been given:■Do notgive credit for an insufficient response which groups the plants by a relative term, such as size:■big / little leaves■short / long stem■has long leaves. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response using inappropriate vocabulary to describe the groups:■rigid■soft.✓Plants with yellow flowers and ............ ...............................Plants with yellow flowers and ............ ...............................BDACBDACBDACADBCADBCor (continued on following page)Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 8

9Test A question 3: In the garden (continued)If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for a response giving a correct classification rule for grouping the plants. The flowers may not have been grouped consistently to the rule given, or may not have been grouped at all:■Plants with Plants with yellow flowers yellow flowers and and four petals five petals Award ONEmark for a response giving a correct classification rule for one group andsorting the two plants for this group appropriately. The classification rule and sorting of the other group may be inappropriate, inconsistent or not given:■Plants with Plants with yellow flowers yellow flowers and and four petals (no response)/ jagged leaf Award ONEmark for:■because there are many types of plant3b (cont.) 3c 2/4c1m 1m✓ADCBBDCDAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 9

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Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceDraft boxMarkers should read the answers to all parts before marking this question. The draft box can be consulted when marking parts 4b–4e for clarification of any ambiguity in the marked response, or when no answer is given. If an answer is correct, ignore contradictory statements written in the draft box. Parts 4b–4e must form a coherent investigation.Test A question 4: Ice meltingAward ONEmark for bothcorrect words circled: The best bag will well. It will stop passing from the air to the ice. Award ONEmark for giving the type of bag as the independent variable (IV):■(the type of) bag■(the type of) material (the bag is made of). Award ONEmark for an acceptable dependent variable (DV) identified, which could be measured: Measuring cylinder■the volume of liquid (melted)■the amount of melted ice■how much the ice has melted. Stopwatch■how long it takes for all the ice to melt. 4a 3/1b 1/2c 4b 1/2a,d 4c 1/2c,d1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response describing a property of a bag which may affect how it insulates:■the thickness/size of the material/bag. ONE mark may be awarded for:■how much ice is left.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science giving a dependent variable or a control variable. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response which gives a DV that is observed, not measured:■has the ice melted? Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not specify which property of the melted ice will be measured:■ice melted■the ice.conduct insulatecold heat11When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 11

12Test A question 4: Ice melting (continued)Award TWOmarks for twoacceptable control variables (CV) that are not already used as an IV or DV in the investigation:■the amount of ice at the start■the size of the bag■the same starting (room) temperature■(same) (size of) tub■the time [if time is not given as the DV]. If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for any onecorrect control variable. 4d 1/2d2m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■temperature / heat. ONEmark may be awarded for a response implying the outside temperature must be kept constant:■(the same) place■do all the bags at the same time.Do notgive credit for a CV that is inconsistent with, or repeats, a creditworthy IV or DV offered in parts 4b or 4c respectively. If neither an IV or DV is offered, a CV may gain credit, provided it is consistent with the context of the investigation presented in the introduction and it is not a possible IV or DV. Appropriate CVs can gain credit where both the IV andDV are insufficient or incorrect. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response identifying a CV which could also be an IV or DV andwhere there is no correct IV or DV for clarification. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response indicating the amount of ice, without specifying at the start [the quantity of ice is the DV]:■the (same) amount of ice (cubes)■the size of the ice cubes■(the same) ice. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that is a repetition or restatement of the first:■the same (outside) temperature the place/time of day. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response naming specific measuring equipment on which the calibration varies very little:■(measuring) cylinder■stopwatch. orAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 12

13Test A question 4: Ice melting (continued)Award ONEmark for a response indicating that repeating the test will allow the reliability to be improved:■I can check my results■the results / test will be more reliable■to make sure of the results. 4e 1/2g1mONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating the measurements can be compared:■to check /see if the results /answers are correct /right■to see if there is a difference in the results■to get more evidence■so you can compare results■it will improve the accuracy (of the results / test). ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating the calculation of an average:■then I can find the average. ONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating that there may have been an error in the results /method:■the first time it might go wrong■to make sure there were no mistakes.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response implying there is a correct answer/ result:■to get the right answer■to make sure the result / answer is correct. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■to make the test fair■to improve the accuracy of the measurements■to check it (again) [could refer to method]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that could imply that all the results need to be the same:■you might get a different answer/result■the result might change each time. Do notgive credit for an indication that there may be a change in temperature:■the temperature might change.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 13

14Test A question 5: Torch lightAward TWOmarks for bothcorrect boxes ticked:■ ■If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for any onecorrect box ticked. Award ONEmark for:■glass jar 5a 4/3c 5b 4/3b2m 1m 1m✓✓✓orAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:41 Page 14

15Test A question 5: Torch light (continued)Award ONEmark for twolines (with or without the correct arrowheads) showing the correct path of light. The lines must go from the torch to the mirror and from the mirror to Sanna’s eyes (between tip of nose and hairline on forehead):■Award ONEmark for twoarrowheads showing the direction of light travel from the torch to the mirror and from the mirror to Sanna’s eyes (between tip of nose and hairline on forehead):■ ■5c i 4/3d,c,a 5c ii 4/3c,d,a1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for one continuous line even where the arrowhead is incorrect:■ONEmark may be awarded for one correct arrowhead together with ONE mark for a continuous line:■Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where the direction of travel is shown only by one non-reflected arrow:■[1 mark] [2 marks][1 mark] [2 marks][1 mark]Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceWhen applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 15

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.16Test A question 6: Quiz boardAward ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for an indication that the bulb will shine less brightly:■the bulb will be (a bit) dimmer■it is not as bright. Award ONEmark for an explanation that shows that sticky tape does not conduct electricity:■the electricity cannot pass through the sticky tape■it is an (electrical) insulator■the metal clips conduct electricity but sticky tape does not■the current cannot flow■the circuit is (now) incomplete / broken. 6a 4/1a 6b 4/1b 6c 3/1c1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■it will dim / fade. ONEmark may be awarded for:■it blocks the electricity■it has stopped the electricity.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■it will change the brightness [does not indicate whether the brightness increases or decreases]■the bulb/ it is not so powerful■the bulb will not light [given that it is lit]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■the sticky tape is not made of metal■it cannot pass through the tape [‘it’ is ambiguous]■the sticky tape covers the metal bits [does not indicate the effect on electricity].D✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 16

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.17Test A question 7: Growing beansAward ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for correctly labelling all threeplant parts:■Award ONEmark for:■(day) 6. Award ONEmark for bothparts of the key completed correctly: Award ONEmark for:■pollination 7a 1/2c 2/3a,d 7b 2/3d 7c 2/3a,d 1/2j 7d 1/2h 7e 2/3d1m 1m 1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response in which ‘stem’ or ‘stalk’ is used in place of ‘shoot’, and ‘bean’ is used in place of ‘seed’. ONEmark may be awarded for a response that uses the label ‘stem’ or ‘stalk’ in place of ‘shoot’.Do notgive credit for the insufficient response:■(day) 5.Length of root: 0 cm Length of shoot: 0 cm✓.........shoot.......root.......seed(length of the) root (length of the) shoot✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 17

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.18Test A question 8: Block tower gameAward ONEmark for:■an observation Award ONEmark for an arrow pointing to the left anywhere on the diagram:■Award ONEmark for:■force meter■newton meter. Award ONEmark for:■gravitational attraction■weight. Award ONEmark for:■8a 1/2c BoS 2a 8b 4/2e 8c 4/2e 1/2c 8d 4/2b 8e 3/1e,a1m 1m 1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for an arrow pointing to the left within 45º of the horizontal. ONEmark may be awarded for:■spring balance. ONEmark may be awarded for:■the pull of the Earth■gravity.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■force measurer■newton. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response which does not recognise the force is due to the Earth:■a pulling force toward the Earth■downwards pull.✓All solids keep their shape.✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 18

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.19Test A question 9: Identifying rocksAward TWOmarks for correctly identifying all fiverocks:■chalk marble obsidian graphite granite If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for any threeor four rocks correctly identified. 9 3/1d 2/4a2m 1mB DE ACorAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 19

20Test B question 1: Making soupAward ONEmark for describing /naming transparency orimpermeability orrigidity as a property of glass which makes it suitable as a material for a measuring jug:■it is transparent /clear (to see the level of liquids)■you can see how much water it contains■it is waterproof■it does not let water through■it holds the water■it is rigid and will not bend. Award ONEmark for:■It insulates his hand from the heat. Award ONEmark for describing/naming a property of metal that makes it suitable as a material for a saucepan:■metals do not melt as easily (as plastic)■metals can become hotter (than plastics) before they melt. 1a 3/1a 1b 3/1b 1c 3/2b 3/1a1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■it does not melt /crack when hot. ONEmark may be awarded for a response that describes how plastic may be less suitable than metal for a saucepan:■plastic is more likely to melt■plastic gives off fumes when burned / heated. ONEmark may be awarded for an absolute response indicating that plastic melts / burnsormetal does not melt / burn:■plastic melts (but metal does not)■plastic would catch fire■metal does not catch fire/burn.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■it is strong■you can see the numbers/measurements clearly. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■metal gets hot easily [conduction is given]■metal is stronger■plastic is not as strong as metal. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response referring to the conduction of plastic:■because plastic does not conduct heat. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response expanding on given information:■metal heats up more quickly and so you can cook food more quickly.✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 20

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.21Test B question 1: Making soup (continued)Award ONEmark for describing /naming a property of plastic which makes it suitable as a material for a washing-up bowl:■it is light■it is waterproof/not absorbent■it is strong■it will not rust like some metals■it does not scratch things■it is flexible, (so it is less likely to cause a glass to break if you drop it)■it does not decay■it is insoluble■it can be moulded into shape. 1d 3/1a1mONEmark may be awarded for:■it is unbreakable■it is easily washed.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■it does not get hot/conduct■it is cheap [given]■it is hard. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that makes reference only to the unsuitability of a different material:■glass breaks too easily. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response expanding on given information:■if there is hot water in the bowl, the bowl does not get hot so if you pick it up it will not burn your hands.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 21

22Test B question 2: Heart rateAward ONEmark for indicating measurement of the starting heart rate:■to find the starting measurement■so that they would know if there was a change when they chewed gum. Award ONEmark for:■results Award ONEmark for:■heart rate. 2a 1/2c 2b 1/2h 2c 1/2d1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■so they all started their investigation at their resting rate■so they could compare■to find out how the heart beats normally■to find their usual heart rate. ONEmark may be awarded for:■pulse (rate)■heart beat■beats per minute. ONEmark may be awarded for heart rate / beat with an indication of when the measurement is taken:■the children’s heart rate after they have chewed gum■their pulse rates at rest and when they chew gum.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■to make it a fair test■to find the heart rate when they were resting [given]■to see how long it can go. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where the dependent variable is not clear:■if chewing gum makes your heart beat faster.✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 22

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.23Test B question 2: Heart rate (continued)Award ONEmark for indicating data in the table which supports Alice’s conclusion ORactual data of one or more children discussed comparatively:■the measurements at rest are all lower than the measurements after chewing gum■they are all at least two higher after chewing■all the measurements increased when they chewed gum■Robert’s heart rate was 84 at rest but it went up to 94 beats per minute after he chewed gum■the number of beats increased when they chewed gum■after chewing for one minute the heart rates went up. Award ONEmark for:■chew something else■chew with no gum in mouth■leave gum in the mouth but do not chew. 2d 1/1b 2e 1/1a1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for two results repeated from the table that support Alice’s conclusion without comparative discussion:■a normal heart rate is 84 and when chewing it is 94 beats per minute. ONEmark may be awarded for:■pretend to chew.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science where one or both variables are changed:■the faster they chew the gum, the more the heartbeat increases■the more children chew on gum, the more beats per minute. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that repeats the conclusion and does not refer to results from the table:■when they chew gum their heart rate goes up. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not specify under what conditions the heart rate increases:■the heart rate goes from 84 to 96■the rates go up [could be comparing the different children at rest]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response suggesting that the investigation should be repeated:■do it again.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 23

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.25Test B question 3: Mixing and observingAward ONEmark for bothcorrect boxes ticked:■flexible stretchy Award ONEmark for a response indicating that a gas is produced. ❖Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■carbon dioxide. Award ONEmark for identifying any two from water, milk and cooking oil (in any order). Award ONEmark for a response indicating that the height of the bars did not change:■the height of the bars/they stayed the same■there was no change. 3a 3/1a 3b 3/2a,f 3c i 1/2j 3c ii 1/2l1m 1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■bubbles/froth■the bicarbonate of soda has changed into a gas■a new material. ONEmark may be awarded for a response implying the bars for one liquid are the same:■the line was at the same height■both lines are the same.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■air■oxygen. Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■fizzy/fizziness■force■a chemical reaction. Do not give credit for an insufficient response describing the relationship between the size of the bars and the distance around the balloon [this implies liquids with the smallest bars caused the balloon to blow up to some degree]:■the smaller the bars, the less the balloon blew up. Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■they were all the same size [suggests all the bars on the graph are the same]■they are the smallest bars.✓✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 25

26Test B question 4: Falling paperAward ONEmark for: The force of gravity...■pulls downwards. Award ONEmark for an unambiguous indication of:■three times■the third time■3. Award ONEmark for a general comparison describing the relationship between the two variables of areaof paper and time takento land:■the smaller the area the less time it takes■as the size increases, the time taken increases. 4a 4/2b 4b 1/2i 4c 1/2j,i1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a reference to the rate of falling in place of time taken:■the smaller the area the faster it falls. ONEmark may be awarded for a reference to the size of paper or number of folds in place of area:■the smaller the paper, the less time it takes to land■the more they fold it, the quicker it falls. ONEmark may be awarded for two specific comparisons describing the relationship:■the largest area takes longer to fall and the smallest area takes less time■small folded paper falls fast and large unfolded paper falls slowly.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■the last one■1 second. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response giving a single comparison of the variables:■the paper with the smallest area falls fastest■when it is folded the most times it takes the least time to fall. Do not give credit for a response that changes a variable:■the heavier the paper, the quicker it falls■the flatter it is, the faster it lands■the smaller the volume, the quicker it falls.✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 26

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.27Test B question 4: Falling paper (continued)Award ONEmark for an unambiguous indication of:■Luke. 4d 1/2l 4/2c1mAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 27

28Test B question 5: Shadows and spaceAward ONEmark for an indication that a shadow is formed because the pole is opaque / blocks the light:■because it is opaque■the (sun)light cannot pass through the pole■the pole stops / blocks the light. Award ONEmark for a vertical shadow starting at the base of the pole that is four grid squares long or shorter:■5a 4/3b 5b 4/4b1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■the light is blocked. ONEmark may be awarded for a straight line shadow that falls within the shaded area under the pole as indicated below:■Do notgive credit for an insufficient response that does not fully explain shadow formation:■light goes round the pole■light travels in straight lines■light cannot get past the pole [it passes on either side]■the pole is solid [a solid object can be transparent]■the pole is in the way of the light■light cannot get to the playground behind the pole [does not explain why]. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response saying the pole blocks the Sun without an indication of light:■the pole blocks the Sun/Sun’s rays/sunshine■it blocks the Sun’s path. Do not give credit for a straight line shadow that falls entirely between the grid lines indicated, but extends beyond four grid squares:■Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 28

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.29Test B question 5: Shadows and space (continued)Award ONEmark for:■the Earth spinning Award ONEmark for:■Award ONEmark for an indication that the tennis ball should be moved around the football:■the football is still while the tennis ball goes around it■the tennis ball orbits the football. 5c 4/4b 5d 1/2l 4/4d 5e 4/4d 1/2l1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■the Earth goes around the Sun■the football is still while the Earth goes around. ONEmark may be awarded for a response describing the Earth / tennis ball spinning as it orbits the Sun / football:■the tennis ball must go around the football, spinning as it goes.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■they must run around each other■move them slowly.✓the Moon orbiting the Earth✓Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 29

30Test B question 6: CakesAward ONEmark for bothcorrect ingredients identified:■chocolate andbutter [given in either order]. Award ONEmark for:■air■gas. ❖Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■carbon dioxide/CO2[the spaces contained carbon dioxide before the cake was cut; cutting the cake allowed other gases to mix with it]. 6a 3/2b 6b 3/2b1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■air bubbles.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response identifying only onecorrect ingredient:■chocolate andeggs. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■nothing. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■raisins■chocolate■particles■oxygen.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 30

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.31Test B question 6: Cakes (continued)Award ONEmark for a cross marked on the graph at 210 g on day 5 [the graph line does not need to be extended]:■ ■Award ONEmark for:■235 g ( +2g). 6c i 1/2h 6c ii 1/2j1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response in which the centre of the cross falls within 2 mm of the day 5/210 g intersection as indicated by the shaded circle below:■ONEmark may be awarded for a response where the graph line is extended to 210 g on day 5 even in the absence of an ‘X’.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 31

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.33Test B question 7: PlantAward ONEmark for a response indicating that the sepals protect the flower:■the sepals protect the flower (inside the bud)■they stop the bud getting damaged■for protection. Award ONEmark for a response indicating that the plant needs light from the Sun:■(sun)light. ❖Give credit for a correct response that goes beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:■energy. Award ONEmark for indicating that the plant makes new materials for growth in its leaves:■leaf/leaves. Award ONEmark for an indication that the petals are used to attract insects:■so bees go to the flower. 7a 2/3d 7b 2/3a 7c 2/3b 7d 2/3d1m 1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response indicating the sepals protect the plant or named flower parts:■they protect the plant■to protect the ovary/stamens. ONEmark may be awarded for naming any green part of a plant:■stem /stalk.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■they cover the bud [given]. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science suggesting the Sun gives the plant nutrients. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■warmth/heat [given]■photosynthesis■sunshine■sunrays. Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■roots. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■for pollination■for the insects.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 33

34Test B question 8: Ice cubesAward ONEmark for a response that indicates the temperature gets colder:■the water/it gets colder■the temperature goes down. Award ONEmark for:■thermometer■temperature sensor. Award ONEmark for all threestatements correctly classified: 8a 1/2l 3/2b 8b 1/2c 8c 3/1e 3/2d,b1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for a response stating that the temperature of the freezer is colder but not referring to the temperature of the water:■it is colder in the freezer. ONEmark may be awarded for a response that implies a change of temperature:■it will get cold■the temperature will go to (below) 0°C. ONEmark may be awarded for:■heat sensor.Do not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science suggesting that the water gets warmer:■it gets warmer in the freezer. Do not give credit for an insufficient response that is an absolute statement that the water/ temperature is cold:■the temperature is cold. Do not give credit for an insufficient response stating that the water freezes:■it freezes■it turns to ice. Do not give credit for an insufficient response stating that the temperature changes:■the temperature is not the same. Do not give credit for an insufficient response:■sensor.Freezing water is a reversible change. Freezing is a change from solid to liquid........... ..........Tr u e FalseWater freezes at 100°C...........FalseAllowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 34

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.35Test B question 8: Ice cubes (continued)Award ONEmark for:■melting■melt. 8d 3/2d1mDo not give credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■dissolve.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 35

36Test B question 9: MagnetsAward TWOmarks for all fourstatements correctly classified: If you are unable to award two marks, award ONEmark for any twoor three statements correctly classified. Award ONEmark for:■newton(s). Award ONEmark for:■5.0cm. 9a 1/2c,g 9b BoS 2a 9c 1/2i2m 1m 1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for:■5cmDo notgive credit for a response that includes incorrect science:■neutrons. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response:■newton meter. Do not give credit for an incorrect response:■50 cm. Do notgive credit for an insufficient response indicating the magnet or the force to pull the magnets apart:■1.8■B.Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceorTake a practice measurement to find out roughly when the magnets separate. Pull the forcemeter very quickly. Take the measurement three times. Use a different horseshoe magnet each time........... .......... .......... ..........Ye s No Ye s NoCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 36

When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidancegiven on pages 1 and 2.37Test B question 9: Magnets (continued)Award ONEmark for identifying that some of the longer magnets required less force to separate them from the bar magnet than some of the shorter ones:■the longest magnet was not the strongest one■the weakest magnet was not the shortest■the longest magnet only needed 3.0 N to pull it off the other magnet. Award ONEmark for all threequestions correctly identified: 9d 1/2k 9e 1/2a,c1m 1mONEmark may be awarded for identifying data in the table which can be used to argue against Callum’s prediction if a clear comparison with other magnets is implied:■magnet C needed the most force to pull it apart■the 7.5 cm magnet needed less force than some of the other magnets. ONEmark may be awarded for a response repeating two results from the table that show Callum’s prediction is not true but no explicit comparison is made:■magnet C was 7 cm and it took 7 N and magnet D was 7.5 cm and it took 3 N.Do notgive credit for an insufficient response where only one result is repeated from the table but no comparison is made with other magnets:■magnet C took 7.0 N.How many layers of paper will stop each magnet attracting a pin? How many types of materials will the magnets attract?............. ............. .............Tr u e False Tr u e How many paperclips will each magnet hold?Allowable answers Question RequirementsMarkAdditional guidanceCM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 37

29 Bolton Street London W1J 8BT Telephone: 08700 60 60 40 Minicom: 020 7509 6546 Fax: 020 7509 5908 Email: tests@naa.org.uk Website: www.naa.org.uk/tests For more copies QCA Orderline, PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN Tel: 08700 60 60 15 Fax: 08700 60 60 17 Email: orderline@qca.org.uk QCA/09/3768 289990CM EA EB 2009.qxp:MS_TestA&B_Sc_275366 9/2/09 09:42 Page 38