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Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 2 Readi ng Test 6 0 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or p assages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 Questions 1 - 9 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Maxine Clair, October Suite . ©2001 by Maxine Clair. Line 5 10 1 5 20 25 When she began occasionally calling herself October, she was only ten years old. Others said it was ridiculous, said she was nobody trying to b e somebody. But she made convin cing noises about given names, how you could give one to yourself, how it could be more like you than your real name. She never dared say she hated the name that her father had saddled on her, never said the new name had anyt hing to do with the memor y of h er mother, who had lost her life. Instead she had mentioned all the strange names of people they knew, like Daybreak Honor, and a classmate’s aunt, Fourteen. The pastor of their church had named his daughter Dainty. Usually t hat fact had made people stop a nd consider. Then when she was girl - turned - grown - seventeen, struck by her own strangeness and by the whole idea of seasons, she had put it on like a coat and fastened it around her. October was her name. Midmorning, on a flam ing day in that season — a Saturd ay — October sat in the upstairs kitchenette at Pemberton House, sewing on her black iron Singer. It was 1950. She was twenty - three, and thanking her lucky stars for a room in the best house for Negro women teachers in Wyandott e County. Situat ed in 30 35 40 45 50 the midd le of the block on Oceola Avenue, the two - story white clapboard set the standard for decent, with its deep front yard and arborlike pear trees, its clipped hedges and the painted wicker chairs on the porch. From her window sh e could look dow n on the backya rd and see Mrs. Pemberton’s precious marigolds bunched along the back fence, and in front of them, a few wilting tomato plants and short rows of collards that waited to be tenderized by the first frost in Mr. Pemberton’s gard en. A few months before, on the very same June day that Cora had pushed her to take advantage of the vacancy coming up at Pemberton House, October Brown had knocked on the door, hoping. Word was that you had to know somebody. For her cadet - teacher year at Stowe Scho ol, she had lived wit h the Reverend Jackson and his wife. Not so bad, but farther away and further down the scale of nice. Mr. Pemberton, in undershirt and suspenders, had opened the door, but his wife, Lydia Pemberton — gold hoops sparkling, crown of silver y braids — had invited her in. “We don’t take nothin but schoolteachers,” Mrs. Pemberton had said. When October explained that indeed, she was a teacher, Mrs. Pemberton had looked her up and down. “Whereabouts?” DIRECTIONS CONTINUE 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 3 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 And October had told her about he r cadet ye ar at Stowe, her room at the Jacksons’ place, mentioned Chillicothe, Ohio, where she had grown up, and — because Mrs. Pemberton had seemed unmoved and uninterested so far — spoken of her two aunts who had raised her and her sister Vergie with good h ome traini ng. “Y’all are gettin g younger every year. You know any of the other girls here?” Mrs. Pemberton had asked. October explained that Cora Joycelyn Jones had been her lead teacher at Stowe, that they had become good friends. The mention of an establ ished conn ection to a recognize d good citizen had finally satisfied Mrs. Pemberton. “Follow me,” she said, and led October on a two - story tour of hardwood floors and high ceilings, French Provincial sitting room (smoke blue), damask drapes and lace sheers, mahogany dining table that cou ld comfortably seat twelve, at least, two buffets, china closets, curio cabinets full of whatnots. Upstairs, all the women’s rooms — Mrs. Pemberton did tap lightly before she charged in — had highly polished mahogany or oak beds, tables, d esks, quilts or cheni lle bedspreads, no - nails - allowed papered walls. Photographs, though, on desks, and floor lamps and wing chairs, stuffed chairs, venetian blinds and valances. Then she showed her the kitchenette, a larger bedroom with a two - bu rner and a tiny icebox and “you see the sun goes down right outside that window right there.” And as they went back down the stairs, Mrs. Pemberton told her in no uncertain terms that nobody under their roof smoked or drank, and that no men were allowed up stairs, bu t that the women coul d “have company” in the sitting room downstairs. Yes, October understood. Yes, she was lucky to have her kitchenette. 1 In the passage, people react to October’s decision to rename herself by A) praising her originality. B) admitting that they are j ealous of her new name. C) criticizing her as arrogant. D) urging her to choose another name instead. 2 At line 20, the focus of the passage shifts from A) an analysis of a key decision made by a character to a summary of it s consequences. B) a descriptio n of how a character perceives herself to a description of how others perceive her. C) an affectionate portrait of a character to an objective survey of her interactions with others. D) a brief account of a chara cter’s youth to a more detailed discussion o f her adult life. 3 Which choice provides the best evidence that October had originally been uncertain about whether she could secure a room in Pemberton House? A) Lines 25 - 30 (“Situated . . . porch”) B) Lines 37 - 41 (“A few . . . somebody”) C) Lines 41 - 44 (“For her . . . nice”) D) Lines 49 - 52 (“We don’t . . . down”) 4 As used in line 57, “unmoved” most nearly means A) unimpressed. B) immobile. C) heartless. D) unspoken. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 4 5 In the eleventh paragraph (lines 69 - 84), the descrip tion of the rooms in Pemberton House serves mainly to A) confirm that October and Mrs. Pemberton have similar tastes. B) establish that the house is well kept and carefully furnished. C) contrast the bedrooms with the re st of the house. D) justify October’ s sense of alienation amid her new surroundings. 6 The details of how Mrs. Pemberton enters the rooms upstairs serve mainly to A) portray her as somewhat unconcerned with her tenants’ privacy. B) illustrate how her actions conflict with her professed idea ls. C) demonstrate that she fee ls personal affection for her tenants. D) stress her impatience with formalities and social customs in general. 7 Based on the passage, which choice best identifies a nonnegotiable con dition for residing at Pemberton House? A) Belonging to a family in goo d standing in the community B) Being recommended to Mrs. Pemberton by other residents of the house C) Abiding by certain notions of personal respectability D) Taking care to preserve th e historical features of the house 8 Wh ich choice provides the best ev idence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 54 - 60 (“And October . . . training”) B) Lines 64 - 68 (“October . . . Mrs. Pemberton”) C) Lines 69 - 74 (“Follow . . . whatnots”) D) Lines 85 - 90 (“And as . . . downstai rs”) 9 In context, the repetit ion of the word “yes” in lines 90 - 91 serves mainly to A) reiterate October’s long - term plans to live at Pemberton House. B) illustrate a shift in October’s attit ude toward Mrs. Pemberton. C) underscore October’s satisfaction with the realities of life at P emberton House. D) emphasize Mrs. Pemberton’s intolerance of viewpoints differing from her own. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 5 Questions 10 - 1 8 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage and accompanying figure are adapted from Bharat Anand, The Content Trap: A Strategist’s Guide to Digital Change . ©2016 by Bharat Anand. The author discusses changes in the music industry that began in the 1990s. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 To understand the relation between music CDs and concerts, it’s useful to first return to one of the central ideas in business strategy: the idea of complements. It’s a simple idea, first coined a long time ago, and po pularized recently by the econo mists A dam Brandenburger and Barry Nalebuff. It goes like this: Two products are complements if a user’s value from consuming both is greater than the sum of her values from consuming each alone. In other words, sell two comp lements together and a consumer will p ay more for each than if they were sold individually. Take hot dogs and ketchup. Each without the other isn’t particularly enjoyable. Have them together and you’re in grilled nirvana. One way to think about complements is that the value of one produ ct depends on the availability of another — as with hot dogs and ketchup. But complementary relationships can be stated in terms of price effects, too: Specifically, the demand for a product goes up when the price of its comple ment goes down. Wh at does this all mean for the music business? To start, note that CDs and concerts are complements. The cheaper one of them becomes (and therefore the more it’s consumed), the greater the demand for the other. For many years concerts were the cheap complem ent that boos ted CD sales. But as the price of recorded music fell, more fans could afford it — and were then drawn to live concerts. Before the rise of the Internet, concerts were effectively “advertising” CD sales. After the explosion in file sharing, 1 the relationship effectively reversed: Free recorded music became the advertisement — and as a result, the ideal complement — for live concerts. Concert promoters are quite forthright about this reversal. A senior vice president of AEG Live, one of the world’s la rgest present ers of live music events, said, “As the recording business has gotten hit by 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 piracy, the fact that a lot of bands are getting played all over the Internet on sites like Myspace and YouTube that are exposing music — we’re the be neficiaries, in al l honesty.” C oncerts aren’t the only complement to recorded music. There are many others. To see where they reside, return to ask the basic question regarding complements. As the price of music declines, which are the music - related produc ts, services, or a ccessories th at might benefit from this price decline? Music complements, it turns out, are many and varied. To start, there were CD burners, 2 blank CDs, and CD players; MP3 players became a leading complement in subsequent years. And the n there’s broadban d access: As demand for file sharing increased (and with it, the loss in content sales for recording studios) so did demand for high - speed Internet (and with it, a dramatic increase in revenues for Internet service providers and cable ope rators). Ask a music industry e xecutive about the industry’s challenges and you’re likely to hear that “young people don’t pay for products anymore.” It’s a common refrain, often used to bemoan why the economics of so many digital businesses have turned so uth. But it’s w rong. As a recor ding studio executive, if you define your business in terms of how many CDs you sell, you’ll be right to berate the young. Define your business as music and all its complements — MP3 players, concerts, merchandising, broadband, and so on — and you’ll realize t hat young people are spending more than ever. The music industry is far from dead. Quite the contrary. Billions of dollars of value were created within the music industry during the recent decade. It’s just that value has bee n redistributed — from recording studios to artists, from music retailers to technology manufacturers, from CDs to live concerts. The value shifted from recorded music to its complements. 1 Transmitting files from one computer to another over the Internet 2 A device used t o record data to a CD 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 6 10 Over the course of the passage, the main focus shifts from A) an exploration of how a business approach was developed to an examination of how the approach has been modified. B) a definition of a business str ategy to a consideration of why that strategy has been slowly declining in a particular business. C) an explanation of a business concept to a discussion of how the concept has operated in a specific context. D) a presentation of the history of a business idea to an analysis of why the idea continues to be relevant today. 11 As used in line 30, “drawn to” most nearly means A) invited to. B) marked by. C) attracted to. D) deduced from. 12 It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that one implicati on of the idea of complements i s that A) consumers will spend more on complementary products only if they initially valued one of those products individually. B) the creation of new kinds of complementary products may increase consumer interest in alread y existing products. C) a wider availability of complementary products can sometimes overwhelm consumers with too much choice. D) sales in an industry that uses a variety of comple ments in its business strategy will surpass sales in an industry that does n ot use complements. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 7 13 Which ch oice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 16 - 22 (“One . . . down”) B) Lines 23 - 25 (“What . . . complements”) C) Lines 25 - 27 (“The cheaper . . . other”) D) Lines 32 - 36 (“Before . . . con certs”) 14 As used in line 58, “dramatic” most nearly means A) impressive. B) theatrical. C) vivid. D) emotional. 15 It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that the health of the music business has generally been viewed as dependent on the A) popularity of the performing ar ts as a whole. B) consumer behavior of young listeners. C) number of websites devoted to digital music. D) degree of variety among musical complements. 16 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 48 - 51 (“As the . . . decline”) B) Lines 51 - 54 (“Music . . . years”) C) Lines 54 - 59 (“And then . . . operators”) D) Lines 60 - 65 (“Ask . . . south”) 17 The figure suggests that the overall increase in sales in the music industry from 1990 to 2014 can be explained becau se sales from A) CDs/vinyl/tape increased more than sales from concerts decreased. B) AAC digital format increased more than sales from AAC digital format (from smartphone) decreased. C) AAC digital format increased more t han sales from all other comple ments combined decreased. D) all complements combined increased more than sales from CDs/vinyl/tape d ecreased. 18 The figure supports which conclusion regarding the music industry in the years 2006 and 2014? A) Although the s ales from individual complement s were different in 2006 and in 2014, the total sales in the music industry as a whole was approximately the same in both years. B) Although the total sales from concert tickets in 2006 was about the same as the total sales f rom AAC digital format in 2014, the total sales from CDs/vinyl/tape was greater in 2006 than it was in 2014. C) Although t he total sales in the music industry was greater in 2014 than it was in 2006, the number of complements contributing to those sales wa s greater in 2006 than it was i n 2014. D) Although the total sales from all complements in the music industry was greater in 2014 than it was in 2006, the proportion of individual complements sold during those years remained constant. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 8 Questions 19 - 2 8 are b ased on the following passage. This passage is adapted from Sid Perkins, “Scientists Solve Mystery of ‘Chinese Pompeii.’” ©2014 by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Scientists have long marveled at the immaculately preserved fossils unearthed from ancient lake sediments in northeastern China. The former creatures — including fish, birds, small dinosaurs, and mammals — still sport the ou tlines of muscles, skin, and fe athers thanks to the fine - grained volcanic ash that blanketed the carcass es and then hardened into rock. Now, new analyses of the remains show that the material that entombed the animals also killed them, overwhelming them in a hot cloud of ash akin to the one that destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii nearly 2000 years ago. The so - called Jehol fossils, named after a mythical land of Chinese folklore, date to between 120 million and 130 million years ago and are noteworthy in a number of ways. Besides their r emarkable preservation, which even saved traces of delicate structure s like air bladders in fish, researchers have often found an unexpected juxtaposition of creatures in the same layer of ancient lake sediment. Small dinosau rs such as Psittacosaurus and b irds such as Confuciusornis lie next to fish, for example. Scientists have long speculated that this odd mix was a sign of mass catastrophe, says Baoyu Jiang, a sedimentologist at Nanjing University in China, but they weren’t sure how it could have occurre d. Also a mystery, he notes, is how the relatively undamaged carcasse s of land animals — especially those of birds, whose remains typically float and are fragile due to their light bones — ended up intact at the bottom of a lake. Now, Jiang and his colleagues have taken a closer look at the Jehol fossils — literally. Researchers have long noted that the remains of soft tissues were often sheathed in a thin, dark carbon - rich layer. But the team found that under the microscope, cells in the tissues of fossils from several sites had been blown open, and they had a charcoal - like appea rance. In addition, the surfaces of bones often showed a distinct sort of cracking typically seen only when a living or freshly dead creature is exposed to intense heat, Jiang says. The p ostures of the Jehol fossils, with muscles and tendons contracted, is also a clue that the carcasses were exposed to extreme heat. But the 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 fossils of fish don’t appear to show this heat related damage. Altogether, the evidenc e suggests that the land animal s entombed in the ancient Chinese lakes were killed by a hot cloud of volcanic ash that then swept them into the lake, the researchers report. What is now northeastern China was rife with volcanic activity at the time, Jiang says. Although it’s possible th at flying birds could have been overcome by poisonous volcanic gases and fallen directly into the ancient lakes, that doesn’t explain how the other nonaquatic animals got there, he says. It’s not likely that the carcasses wer e carried into the lakes by str eams, Jiang explains, because that would have damaged the remains. Al so, he notes, the fossils would have been surrounded by silt or mud rather than fine - grained volcanic ash. Although scientists had previously noted the Jeho l fossils were surrounded by ti ny bits of volcanic rock, they hadn’t linked the ash to the death of the creatures; they’d only suggested that the fine - grained material coincidentally rained down to blanket a normal lake - bottom accumulation of dead creature s, Jiang says. The evidence unc overed by Jiang and his colleagues “is very convincing,” says Janet M onge, an anthropologist at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology who has studied the remains unearthed at Pompeii. The Chine se fossils “have a very particu lar type of fracture pattern, a classic example of bone failure assoc iated with extreme heat,” she notes. “I’ve never seen anything like it outside of Pompeii.” 19 Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage? A) A back - and - forth d ialogue between experts supporting different theories B) A series of descriptions of a theory’s successful application to several different phenomena C) A review of known information, a presentation of new information, and an analysis of various explanatio ns D) A summary of an experimental technique, an acknowledgment of its limitations, and a consideration of an alternative 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 9 20 The main purpose of the second paragraph (lines 13 - 31) is to describe the A) history behind the nami ng of certain fossils. B) chall enges of working with certain fossils. C) first of two theories regarding the origin of certain fossils. D) surprising locations of certain fossils. 21 In the context of the passage as a whole, a key detail given in the third paragraph (lines 32 - 46) is tha t the researchers A) o bserved characteristics of the fossils that indicated that the organisms had been exposed to extreme heat. B) noted that the grouping of the fossilized organisms was unlike that seen at other sites. C) s tudied the effects of river tra nsport on fossils of birds, fish, and land animals. D) developed novel methods of nondestructive removal of dinosaur fossils from layers of silt and mud. 22 As used in line 35, “sheathed” most nearly means A) carried. B) coat ed. C) stored. D) provided. 23 According to the passage, the cracking observed on the bone surfaces of the Jehol fossils occurred A) when the bones were at the bottom of a lake. B) as a result of pressure from layers of silt, mud, and ash. C) primarily in the bones of birds and fish. D) when the organisms were either alive or recently deceased. 24 Which choice best supports the idea that the well - preserved nature of the Jehol fossils enabled Jiang and his colleagues to identify evidence of how the organisms died? A) Lines 42 - 44 (“The postures . . . heat”) B) Lines 50 - 52 (“What . . . says”) C) Lines 52 - 56 (“Although it’s . . . says”) D) Lines 69 - 73 (“The evidence . . . at Pompeii”) 25 Which finding, if accurate, would most weaken Jiang and his colleagues’ claim that the Jehol organisms were swept into the lake by a hot cloud of volcanic ash? A) Gases trapped in the Jehol lake sediments are found to be nontoxic. B) Bird fossils are found in the Jehol lake sediments. C) Damaged fossils of land animals are di scovered in Jehol lake sediment s. D) One of the Jehol lake sediments is found to have formed approximately 125 million years ago. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 10 26 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answ er to the previous question? A) Lines 35 - 38 (“But the team . . . appear ance”) B) Lines 44 - 46 (“But the fossils . . . damage”) C) Lines 56 - 59 (“It’s not . . . remains”) D) Lines 61 - 68 (“Although . . . says”) 27 The main purpose of the phrase “rained down” in line 66 is to emphasize the A) high speed at which the ash cloud move d. B) large quantities of falli ng ash. C) intermittent nature of the eruptions. D) distinct possibility that ash mixed with water. 28 In the passage, Janet Monge’s response to Jiang and his colleagues’ work can best be described as that of A) a skeptic who ultimately endorses Jiang’s fi ndings. B) an expert who believes that Jiang’s theories have merit. C) a novice who is grateful for the opportunities that Jiang has provided. D) a collaborator who provides an interpretation of Jiang’s observations. Questio ns 29 - 3 8 are based on the fol l owing passages. Passage 1 is adapted from Dwight D. Eisenhower’s 1955 remarks to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters. Passage 2 is adapted from a 1958 speech by Edward R. Murrow. ©1958 by the Estat e of Edward R. Murrow. Eisenhow er was president of the United States. Murrow was an American broadcast journalist. Passage 1 Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 One of the things that has made us an informed public is the fact tha t we have had a free press, and now these great institutions, the radio and the television, have moved in to take their place alongside the older media of mass communications. There is a tremendous responsibility here — in some ways, I think, transcending th at that is placed before the pu blisher. The publisher puts in your home a piece of print. It is essentially cold — althoug h, of course, we admit that some writers have an ability to dress it up and make even disagreeable facts at times look fairly pleasant. But with the television or with the radio, you put an appealing voice or an engaging personality in the living room of t he home, where there are impressionable people from the ages of understanding on up. In many ways therefore the effect of your industry in swaying public opinion, and I think, particularly about burning questions of the moment, may be even greater than the press. . . . It is something different, and you do introduce personality as well as cold fact. I think, again, that places added respon sibility to see that the news, in those areas of the radio and television field that have to do with the dissemination o f facts, is truthfully told, with the integrity of the entire industry behind it. I once heard an expression with respect to newspaper s tandards: the newspaper columns belong to the public and the editorial page belongs to the paper. And, for myself, I fin d that an easy standard to follow and to apply as I examine a newspaper. I should think that some such standard could be developed among you. Of course you want to ent ertain. Of course you want people to look at it, and I am all for it. And I think everybo dy else is. But when we come to something that we call news — and I am certain that I am not speaking of anything you haven’t discussed ea rnestly among yourselves — let us 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 11 40 simply be sure it is news. Let all of the rest of the time be given to entertainment or the telling of stories or the fanciful fairy tales that we sometimes find in other portions of publications. Passage 2 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 One of the basic troubles with radio and television news is that both instruments have grown up as an incompatible combination of show business, advertising and news. Each of the three is a rather biza rre and demanding profession. A nd when you get all three under one roof, the dust never settles. The top management of the networks, with a few notable exceptions, has been trained in advertising, research, sales or show business. But by the nature of the corporate structure, they also make the final and crucial decisions having to do with news and public affairs. Freq uently they have neither the time nor the competence to do this. It is not easy for the same small group of men to decide whether to buy a ne w station for millions of dolla rs, build a new building, alter the rate card, buy a new Western, sell a soap opera, decide what defensive line to take in connection with the latest Congressional inquiry, how much money to spend on promoting a new program, what additions or deletions sho uld be made in the existing covey or clutch of vice - presidents, and at the same time — frequently on the same long day — to give mature, thoughtful consideration to the manifold problems that confront those who are charged with the responsibility for news and public affairs. Sometimes there is a clash between the public interest and the corporate interest. A telephone call or a letter from the proper quarter in Washington is treated rather more seriously than a communication from an irate but not politically p otent viewer. It is tempting enough to give away a little air time for frequentl y irresponsible and unwarranted utterances in an effort to temper the wind of criticism. Upon occasion, economics and editorial judgment are in c onflict. And there is no law wh ich says that dollars will be defeated by duty. Not so long ago the President of the United States delivered a television address to the nation. He was discoursing on the possibility or probability of war between this nation and the Soviet Union and Commun ist China — a reasonably compelling subject. Two networks, CBS and NBC, delayed th at broadcast for an hour and fifteen minutes. If this decision was 90 dictated by anything other than financial reasons, the networks didn’t deign to explain those reasons. . . . It is difficult to believe that this decision was made by men who love, respect and understand news. 29 Based on Passage 1, Eisenhower would most likely agree that typical viewers of broadcast news A) are strongly opposed to efforts to turn facts into e ntertainment. B) might be too easily influenced by a likeable and persuasive newscaster. C) would rather get news from print sources than from television or radio. D) are indifferent as to whether most newscasters are wel l trained as journalists. 30 Wh ich choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 12 - 16 (“But with . . . on up”) B) Lines 20 - 21 (“It is . . . fact”) C) Lines 22 - 26 (“I think . . . behind it”) D) Lines 33 - 34 (“Of course . . . entertain”) 31 Which clai m about editorial standards in print journalis m and in broadcast journalism is implied by Eisenhower in Passage 1? A) Neither print journalism nor broadcast journalism has been able to adapt their editorial standards to a cha nging news environment. B) The editorial standards for print journalism are somewhat outmoded compared with the standards that prevail in radio and television. C) Rigorous editorial standards are enthusiastically endorsed by executives in both print and br oadcast journalism. D) Broadcas t journalism has not yet estab lished adequate editorial standards for presenting the news in the way that print journalism has. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 12 32 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 27 - 3 0 (“I once . . . paper”) B) Lin es 30 - 31 (“And, for . . . news paper”) C) Lines 31 - 33 (“I should . . . you”) D) Lines 34 - 35 (“Of course . . . else is”) 33 As used in line 67, “charged with” most nearly means A) entrusted with. B) assaulted with. C) assessed for. D) accused of. 34 In Passa ge 2, lines 70 - 73 (“A telephone . . . viewer”) serve primarily to suggest that A) pressuring a news organization into pursuing a particular course of action can be difficult. B) broadcast networks do not give equal attention to all concerns voiced. C) the volume of complaints made about broadcasters has increased sharply. D) viewers can become angry in response to perceived flaws in news broadcasts. 35 As used in line 87, “dictated” most nearly means A) transcribed. B) spoken. C) determined. D) confirme d. 36 An important difference between the two passages’ respective discussions of broadcast news is that unlike Eisenhower in Passage 1, Murrow in Passage 2 A) identifies key differences between print journalism and broadcast news. B) assumes financial con siderations play only a minor role in the news business. C) sees a conflict between news values and entertainment values. D) explains how the development of the broadcast news business has shaped that industry. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 13 37 Ba sed on Pa ssage 2, Murrow would most like ly view Eisenhower’s appeal to broadcast network executives in lines 35 - 42 (“But . . . publications”), Passage 1, as A) convincing, since network executives would likely improve the quality of news broadcasts when ma de aware of Eisenhower’s concerns. B) nu anced, since Eisenhower acknowledges that properly defining what counts as news is a difficult task. C) unrealistic, since separating broadcast news from entertainment is a more complex task than Eisenhower recognize s. D) vag ue, since Eisenhower does not s pecify the amount of time that broadcast networks should devote to news. 38 Based on the passages, Murrow (Passage 2) would likely disagree most strongly with Eisenhower’s assumption in Passage 1 that A) radio and televisi on are media that can be used t o educate the public. B) audiences tend to prefer fictional stories to factual accounts. C) publishers of print journalism are mostly capable of upholding certain editorial standards for content included in newspapers. D) dec ision makers in the broadcast i ndustry share a common concern for the integrity of how news is presented. 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 14 Questions 39 - 47 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Bernd Heinrich, The Nesting Season: Cucko os, Cuckolds, and the Invention of Monogamy . ©2010 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Food amount and distribution has long been thought to a ffect mating systems. It contin ues to generate much interest, and the effects of food distribution on the mating system as such can probably be seen most clearly within a single species where monogamy (having only one mate), polygyny (males mating with mor e than one female), and polyand ry (females mating with more than one male) are all involved in response to changi ng food supply. One recent study on this topic was conducted within sight of my home in Vermont (on Mount Mansfield) on an enigmatic, little - kn own bird, the Bicknell’s thrush . It was not officially recognized as a new species until 1995. The Bicknell’s thr ush breeds in dense spruce - fir thickets on isolated mountaintops in northeastern North America. It lives in an environment where it encounters frequent strong winds, near - fre ezing temperatures, heavy rain, and marginal food supply (insects). A female of th is species typically lays only one set of four eggs per summer, and if she is lucky, brings off the one clutch. To accomplish even that, it tur ns out, involves a remarkable b reeding strategy in which monogamy involving the commitment of one male, such as t hat practiced by most thrushes and other perching birds, is usually inadequate. Female Bicknell’s thrushes usually have more than one mate; eac h nest has only one female, but the young in it are sired by several males and several males also help feed the y oung. The main part of this story was unraveled in a tour de force of work (and fun?) by James E. Goetz from the State University of New York a nd Kent P. McFarland and Christ opher C. Rimmer from the Vermont Institute of Natural Science, with the aid of a s mall army of twenty eager and able assistants who helped in finding and monitoring nests and catching and marking adult birds with individually identified color - coded rings. They then worked in the laboratory with molecular techniques to determine relatedn ess and parentage of broods. They found out that in these thrushes, although they superficially appeared to be monogamous pairs, the females we re often polyandrous and the ma les polygynous. In their study of eighteen broods, only four consisted of 50 55 60 65 7 0 the trad itional male - female pairs. The other fourteen broods were each attended by one female, but with the assistance of two to four males who had als o mated with the females (as de termined by molecular techniques to evaluate parentage of the young). Thirteen mal es also fed the broods in which they had sired young. Optimization theory predicts that males should prefer monogamy over having polyandrous fe males so that they could be ass ured of the paternity of all of the young that they help feed. But assurance of pa ternity would add a considerable cost — mate - guarding — and it may be impossible for the Bicknell’s thrush in a foggy environment with dense thicke ts. Much attention is required to secure scarce food, leaving little time for other activities. Where mate - guardi ng is not possible but moving around is instead required, the males then mate with several females and offer help taking care of the young of t heir mates. The females, in tur n, “should” mate with several males to thus coerce them to help raise her (their) young. That is, by being polyandrous females gain more support in raising the kids, and the males, by being polygynous, make up for what they l ose by relaxing their mate - guar ding. Figure 1 Paternity and Feeding Relationships among Bicknell’s Thrush on Mount Mansfield, Vermont, 1999 Mother of Brood Known Sire(s) of Brood Male(s) Feeding Brood Female #1 Male #8 Male #8 Female #3 Male #3, Ma le #18 Male #3 Female #5 Male #3 Male #3, Male #5 Female #7 Male #7, Male #14 Male #14 Female #8 Male #9, Male #16 Male #9, Male #15, Male #16, Male #20 Female #9 Male #18 Male #10 Female #10 Male #19 Male #4, Male #12, Male #19 1 1 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 15 Figure 2 Figures adapted from James E. Goetz, Kent P. McFarland, and Christopher C. Rimmer, “Mult iple Patern ity and Multiple Male Feeders i n Bicknell’s Thrush ( Catharus bicknelli ).” ©2003 by American Ornithological Society. 39 The main purpose of the passage is to A) discuss research that assisted scientists in identifying a particular bird species. B ) detail ch allenges a particular bird spec ies faces when competing for mates. C) summarize studies on the mating practices of several bird species. D) present research on how food supply affects mating behavior in a bird species. 40 As used in line 13, “recognized” m ost nearly means A) acknowledge d. B) remembered. C) rewarded. D) glimpsed. 41 The passage suggests that the mating system of the Bicknell’s thrush should be considered A) ineffective, since it yields relatively few offspring in a given year. B) efficie nt, because a high percentage o f offspring survive in harsh environmental conditions. C) elusive, since scientists are unable to explain why the system first evolved. D) unusual, since it differs from the strategy of closely related bird species. 42 Which choice provides the best eviden ce for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 15 - 17 (“The Bicknell’s . . . America”) B) Lines 20 - 22 (“A female . . . clutch”) C) Lines 22 - 26 (“To accomplish . . . inad equate”) D) Lines 26 - 30 (“Female . . . young”) 43 A s used in line 31, “unraveled” most nearly means A) figured out. B) declined. C) picked apart. D) detached. 1 1 CON TINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 16 44 The passage suggests that mate - guarding behavior is likely to be more feasible when A) competition for mates is high. B) a bird’s habitat is rel atively isolated. C) food is pl entiful in a bird’s habitat. D) a brood contains relatively few young. 45 Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 53 - 56 (“Optimization . . . feed”) B) Lines 60 - 61 (“Much . . . activities”) C) Lines 65 - 67 (“ The females . . . young”) D) Lines 67 - 70 (“That . . . mate - guarding”) 46 Based on the passage and figure 1, which choice best helps explain why male #4 and male #12 fed the brood of female #10? A) They had each mated with f emale #10. B) They were competi ng to mate with female #10. C) They were engaging in the practice of mate - guarding female #10. D) They divided feeding duties so female #10 could search for f ood. 47 According to figure 2, females were the primary feeders of the nine studied Bicknell’s thr ush broods except when A) there were more male offspring than female offspring in the brood. B) the brood was fed by four males and one female. C) the brood was fed by an equal number of males and females. D) there was an equ al number of female and male of fspring in a brood. e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 1 1

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 17 No Test Material On This Page

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 18 Writing and La nguage Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 2 of yo ur answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to imp rove the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will co nsider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or grap h) that you will consider as you make revising and editing dec isions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. O ther questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option. Cho ose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the r elevant portion of the passage as it is. e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 Questions 1 - 11 are based on the following passage. Texting to Keep a Language Alive According to a recent survey, the tr aditional language of the 1 Saanich a First Nations indigenous community with roots on C anada’s Vancouver Island, has fewer than twenty fluent 2 speakers. All of them over the age of sixty. Those numbers suggest a language 1 A) NO CHANGE B) Saa nich, C) Saanich; D) Saanich — 2 A) NO CHANGE B) speakers, all of whom C) speakers; all of wh om D) speakers, all of them 2 2 DIRECTIONS CONTINUE CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 19 at risk 3 for being lost forever. Because the cultural identity and memory of a group of people are so closely bound to language, members of the Saanich community worry that such a loss would be disastrous. 4 B y contr ast, members of the Saanich community are working to revive their language by expanding its speaker base, and are doing so in an unexpected manner: via text messa ging. Until the 1970s, the language of the Saanich was strictly oral. But in that decade a Sa anich man named Dave Elliott embarked on a project of capturing as much of it as he could 5 in written form through writing. Because numerous letters from th e A - Z Roman alphabet are required to reproduce phonetically the 6 l anguage’s complex so unds, resulting in excessively lengthy words, Elliott decided to create his own Saanich alphabet. Unlike the Roman alphabet, Elliott’s new alphabet utilized only o ne letter to denote each sound. Elliott’s work made it possible to teach the language — written as SEN ! O " EN — in a classroom and to preserve it in dictionaries. 3 A) NO CHANGE B) of being C) to be D) being 4 A) NO CHANGE B) For instance, C) As a result, D) In addition, 5 A) NO CHANGE B) in writing. C) by hand, rendering it in written form. D) by ta king down the language in writing. 6 A) NO CHANGE B) language’s complex sound’s, C) languages complex sounds, D) languages’ complex sounds’, 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 20 Now, the Saanich 7 include SEN ! O " EN in the local school curriculum. Texting has been 8 criticized as a form of communication that weakens language by allowing abbreviations and nonstandard usage. Yet FirstVoices Chat, a smartphone app used by SEN ! O " EN texters, actually strengthens the language by enabling, and encour aging, 9 its use to spread beyond t hose few aging speakers. The app, which was created by First Peoples’ Cultural Council, an organization working to revitalize indigenous culture, allows users to download keyboards tailored to different indigenous languages, including SEN ! O " EN. 7 Which ch oice best introduces the main topic of the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) have up to one hundred second - language speakers. C) can use SEN ! O " EN to text. D) are looking to young people to revitalize the language. 8 Which choice is most consistent with the way t exting is characterized in the sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) evaluated C) analyzed D) reprimanded 9 A) NO CHANGE B) one’s C) his or her D) their 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 21 FirstVoices Chat has made great strides since Elliott’s initial work by facilitating the language’s movement ou t of classrooms and dictionaries 10 and introducing the ability to type different characters. Most importantly, the texting app puts SEN ! O " EN in the hands of younger generations. Children and teens are widely recognized as the most frequent of texters, but they are also a group crucial to preserving a language. “Young people,” the linguist Gregory Anderson explains, “are the key stakeholders and the ones who may or may not pass it down to their own children.” As the Saanich and especially their youth text in SEN ! O " EN, then, 11 t hey are changing how older members of the Saanich community view t exting. 10 Which choice most effectively supports the point made earlier in the sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) in a process that many languages around the world have undergone. C) due to Elliott’s recognition of the language’s decline. D) and into the everyday life of Saanich communities. 11 The writer wants a conclusion that restates the main idea of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) they are becoming less reliant on traditional dictionaries and courses for language lear ning. C) the number of texts sent in SEN ! O " EN has increased significantly in recent years. D) they are taking an important step toward ensuring the continued vitality of their traditional language. 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 22 Questions 12 - 22 are based on the following passage. Little Films with Great Implications Throughout the natural world, microorganisms, including bacteria and algae, can organize on surfaces and form colonies called biofilms. 12 Because they can form on both living and nonliving surfaces, they are more protec ted from outside forces than th ey would be as single organisms. Some biofilms can 13 cause health problems, and others can have a negative effect on ecosystems. While medical and scientific communities have been interested in exploring biofilms, techni cal limitations have hampered 14 they’re efforts. However, recent research is changing that. An international team of biologists and physicists has had great success in its investigation of this subject by focusing on how biofilms form from one type of bacteria, Vibrio cholerae . The complex three - dimensional structures of biofilms cannot be studied with traditional microscopes, so the scientists started out by building a custom microscope that allowed them to capture images at different depths within bio film layers. Spec ial software was then developed to combine these images and reconstruct the layers so the researchers could see each cell in relation to the biofilm as a whole. With these tools, the scientists could 15 witness the size and shape of tho usands of cells t hat live in biofilms at various growth stages. 12 Which choice provides the best transition from the previous sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) Generating a sticky substance, C) In this arrangement, D) Since most bacteria and algae are invisible t o the naked eye, 13 Which choice is most consistent with the overall style and tone of the passage? A) NO CHANGE B) make you real sick, C) mess with people’s physical well - being, D) perniciously affect an individual’s constitution, 14 A) NO CHANGE B) i ts C) there D) their 15 A) NO CHANGE B) regard C) behold D) observe 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 23 16 In fact, the researchers grew Vibrio cholerae in a liquid solution in tiny tubes made of glass and silicone and examined the resulting biofilms with their new tools. By studying the computerized models they compiled 17 using images captured by a specially built microscope, they found that small g roups (1 – 6 cells) are typically arranged in a single - file line; medium groups (20 – 100 cells) spread out in an asymmetrical two - dimension al 18 shape; and large groups (200 – 1,000 cells) generally form a three - dimensional cluster. Once a biofilm 19 reach 2,000 or more microorganisms, the cluster forms a symmetrical and highly organized dome, with cells arranged in a dense 20 pattern , it provides a growth advantage and optimal access to nutrients. 16 A) NO CHANGE B) Next, C) However, D) Despite complications, 17 The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion, adjusting the punctuation as needed. Should the underlined porti on be kept or deleted? A) Kept, because it explains how the researchers proceeded to gather information. B) Kept, because it provides a transition to the discussion that follows in the sentence. C) Deleted, because it needlessly repeats information provide d earlier in the passage. D) Deleted, because it contradicts details about the study provided later in the paragraph. 18 A) NO CHANGE B) shape, and C) shape — and D) shape and, 19 A) NO CHANGE B) reached C) reaches D) have reached 20 A) NO CHANGE B) patte rn, but providing C) pattern that provides D) pattern; providing 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 24 Because the researchers were able to track the progression of complexity in biofilm formation, they now have a greater understanding of just what makes these structures unique, 21 but they concede that additional studies a re necessary to fully understand why biofilms develop. As Robin Gerlach, a chemical and biological engineering 22 professor at Montana State University notes, “We are continuing to learn about how to control them bet ter.” With the knowledge gained from this investigation, scientists may be able to not only develop ways of treating dangerous biofilms, such as bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, but also design and build biofilms of beneficial microorgan isms, such as those that can treat wastewater. 21 Which choice most effectively sets up the information that follows in the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) as well as how they are structured internally. C) and they published their findings in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . D) which lays the groundwork for future advances. 22 A) NO CHANGE B) professor at Montana State University, notes, C) professor, at Montana State University, notes D) professor, at Montana State University notes 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 25 Questions 23 - 33 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. Hybrid Careers in Technology An increasingly important development in the workplace is the rise of hybrid 23 careers; careers that combine training in one discipline, such as marketin g or physics, with expertise in information technology (IT) fields, such as computer science and in formation systems. More than ever, technology skills function as a supplement to knowledge from another field. In fact, attaining expertise in a traditional career path often requires familiarity with computer science to take advantage of cutting - edge deve lopments. Students preparing to enter the job market should 24 never theless consider how developing hybrid skills can give them access to a range of rewa rding careers. 23 A) NO CHANGE B) careers. Careers C) careers; those careers D) careers: careers 24 A) NO CHANGE B) even C) instead D) therefore 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 26 Animator Kira Lehtomaki’s career illustrates the value of studying technology in combination with a more con ventional profession. Lehtomaki was inspired 25 to become an animator. The inspiration happened when she was a child and watched animated films like S leeping Beauty . In college, she recognized that computers were becoming dominant in the world of ani mation, 26 she majored in computer science rather than art, pursuing her artistic interests through an online school called Animation Mentor. Lehtomaki regards the technological skills she learned in college as vital to her professional success. “Comput er science taught me how to think about things, how to break down and solve complex problems,” she says. She now applies those analytical skills in her 27 job and using modeling and 25 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underli ned portion? A) to become an animator by watching animated films like Sleeping Beauty when she was a child. B) when she was a child watching animated films like Sleeping Beauty , which led her to become an animator. C) by Sleeping Beauty , the watching of wh ich, along with other animated films, in childhood led her to become an animator. D) as a child to become an animator who was watching animated films like Sleeping Beauty . 26 A) NO CHANGE B) so she C) therefore, she D) DELETE the underlined portion. 27 A) NO CHANGE B) job; using C) job, uses D) job, using 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 27 graphics software to help create films for a major film studio. 28 As evidenced by this skill set, Lehtomaki has come a long way from the summer job she once had at Disneyland decorating cookies. 28 Which choice provides the most effective conclusion to the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) However, by focusing on skills such as how to use spreadsheets and word processors, introductory courses in computer science have not done enough to prepare future I T workers. C) Lehtomaki’s trajectory shows how multidisciplinary training can allow workers to construct career paths that suit their interests and passions. D) Co mputational thinking is the skill most closely associated with the kind of problem - solving th at Lehtomaki deploys on the job. 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 28 A study of job growth in the IT sector in the United States shows that Lehtomaki is far from unique in making the most of such a c ombination to improve 29 o ur career prospects. For example, there were 45,991 digital mark eting and marketing automation 30 jobs positions that merge statistical and IT roles with traditional marketing skills advertised from April 2014 to 29 A) NO CHANGE B) their C) her D) your 30 A) NO CHANGE B) jobs (positions that merge statistical a nd IT roles with traditional marketing skills) C) jobs positions that merge statistical and IT roles with traditional marketing skills, D) jobs — positions that merge statistical and IT roles with traditional marketing skills 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 29 March 2015; the field experience d 31 135 percent job growth from 2011 to March 2015. Data analysts — professionals 32 who are wizards at both statistics and the software used to organize sets of data — 33 w ere almost as in demand, with 41,000 open positions from April 2014 to March 2015. Their field saw a remarkable 372 percent increase in jobs from 2011 to March 2015. Hybrid Job Openings in the US IT Sector Job type Job openings, April 2014 – March 2015 Percent increase in jobs, 2011 – March 2015 We b d e v e l o p m e n t a n d design 67,25 0 3% Mobile development 41,032 135% Product management 40,752 7% Digital marketing and marketing automation 45,991 145% Data analytics 41,000 372% Us e r i nte r f a c e / u s e r experience 29,825 15% All IT jobs (hybrid and no nhybrid) 1,975,788 7% Adapted from General Assembly and Burning Glass Technologies, “Blurring Lines: How Business and Technology Skills Are Merging to Create High Opportunity Hybrid Jobs.” ©2015 by General Assembly and Burning Glass Technologies. De ve loping competencies in two different areas may require additional time in school, but the extra effort is likely to pay off. In the words of Scott Erker, a senior vice president of human - resources consulting firm DDI, “What’s called a hybrid job today wi ll be the standard job of tomorrow.” Preparing for the contemporary workplace means considering the exciting opportunities that training across multiple fields can reveal. 31 Which choice provides accurate information from the table? A) NO CHANGE B) 145 C) 1 5 D) 3 32 Which choice best maintains the style and tone of the passage? A) NO CHANGE B) who have what it takes for C) possessed of high - caliber skills in D) proficient in 33 Which choice is best supported by the information in the passage and the table ? A) NO CHANGE B) saw twice that number of job openings, C) didn’t see as many jobs added as product managers did, D) were hired less often than any other IT professionals were, 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 30 Questions 34 - 44 are based on the follo wing passage. “I’m Just Like My Country” : Lin - Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton Composer and lyricist Lin - Manuel Miranda was inspired to create the award - winning Broadway musical Hamilton after, on a whim, he picked up a best - selling biography of US founding father Alexander Hamilton 34 while lookin g through top - selling books, including biographies, at a bookstore: “I was just browsing the biography section. It could have been [former president] Truman [that I selected].” The biography he read 35 encloses Hamilton’s most well - known 36 roles : military captain during the Revolutionary War, cowriter of The Feder alist papers, the nation’s first secretary of the treasury, and creator of the federal banking system. What fascinated Miranda, however, was Hamilton’s life story as an American immigrant and as an ambitious youth navigating a contentious political environment. To 37 study the lesser - known aspects of Hamilton’s life, Miranda drew on inspiration from his family’s experiences and his own career choices. Miranda saw parallels between Hami lton’s early life 38 and his own father, who migrated to New York from Puerto Rico as a teenager and went on to establish a successful political consulting company. Hamilton, who was raised on the 34 A) NO CHANGE B) while at a bookstore that sells popul ar books: C) when the impulse hit him at a bookstore: D) at a bookstore: 35 A) NO CHANGE B) supports C) documents D) demonstrates 36 A) NO CHANGE B) roles military C) roles. Military D) roles; military 37 Which choice provides the best transition from t he previous paragraph to this one? A) NO CHANGE B) learn more about Hamilton’s accomplishments as a founding father, C) highlight Hamilton’s prolific writing career, D) turn Hamilton’s life and legacy into a musical, 38 A) NO CHANGE B) and that of C) and t hose of D) compared with 2 2 CONTINUE

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 31 Caribbean island of St. Croix, also moved to New York as a teenager. 39 Remarkably hardworking and enterprising, Hamilton became a 40 protégé, of George Washington, within five years of his arrival in New York. In the musical , 41 Miranda presents Hamilton’s qualities as quintessentially American: Hamilton declares, “I’m just like my country / I’m young, scrappy and hungry / and I’m not throwing away my shot.” 39 At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence. To get a better sense of Hamilton’s life, Miranda read the founding father’s letters and other writings and consulted with historians. Should the writer make this addition here? A) Yes, because it supports the paragraph’s implication that Mirand a, like his father and Hamilton, is hardworking. B) Yes, because it explains how Miranda knew about the similarities between Hamilton and his father. C) No, because it in terrupts the paragraph’s description of Hamilton’s experience as an immigrant. D) No, because it fails to specify the historians with whom Miranda consulted. 40 A) NO CHANGE B) protégé, of George Washington C) protégé of George Washington D) protégé of George Washington: 41 Which choice most effectively sets up the quotation that follow s in the sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) the American Revolution is underway: C) many of the highlights of Hamilton’s political career are dramatized: D) most of the dialogue is sung instead of spoken: 2 2 CONTINU E

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 32 Miranda also drew from his experiences working for his fath er, a former advisor to New York City mayor Ed Koch. Miranda’s own involvement in politics gave him a unique vantage point from which to observe the inner worki ngs of governmental legislation. “The real [stuff] happens in the backroom,” he explained. “I’ve seen it firsthand.” 42 He finished reading Hamilton’s biography , Miranda discovered that the founding fathers similarly used informal private gatherings to influence Washington’s administration. In the musical, Hamilton’s adversary Aaron Burr jealous ly remarks on Hamilton’s ability to shape policy measures by getting in to “the room where it happens.” Hamilton supports this 43 claim . When he tells Burr that “decisions are happening over dinner” — a remark that could also be used to describe twenty - fi rst - century political life. 44 A success on Broadway, Hamilton won the Grammy award for Best Musical Theater Album. Miranda’s emphasis on Hamilton’s youthful industriousness and the intricacies of political decision - making shows audiences that the envi ronment of the founding of America resonates with the pol itics of today. 42 A) NO CHANGE B) After he read Hamilton’s biography; C) Upon reading Hamilton’s biography, D) Having read Hamilton’s biography — 43 A) NO CHANGE B) claim and when telling C) claim; when he tells D) claim when he tells 44 Which choice provides the most effective introduction to the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) A gifted cast brought Hamilton’s life to the stage. C) Even with its contemporary style, Hamilton is timeless. D) The political environment has changed dramatically since Ham ilton’s day. e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 2 2

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 33 No Test Material On This Page

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 34 Math Test – No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 17 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 CONTINUE 3 3


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Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 35 1 What value o f s atisfies the given equation? A) 0 B) 6 C) 10 D) 36 2 The total cost to rent an in flatable slide for a birthday pa rty is $23 per hour with an initial $15 setup fee. Which of the following equations represents the relationship between the total cost in dollars, and the number of hours, to rent the inflatable slide ? A) B) C) D) 3 Whi ch expression is eq uivalent to ? A) B) C) D) 4 T h e function is defined by What is the value of ? A) 19 B) 25 C) 27 D) 29 4 p + 8 = 3 2 p c , h , c = 1 5 h c = 2 3 h c = 1 5 h + 2 3 c = 2 3 h + 1 5 ( y − 4 ) ( y + 5 ) y 2 + y − 2 0 y 2 + y + 2 0 y 2 + y − 1 y 2 + y + 1 ff ( x ) = 5 x 2 + 2 x + 5 . f ( 2 ) CONTINUE 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 36 5 – 3 2 0 – 1 3 1 The table gives some values of and their corresponding values of Which of the following could be the graph of in the xy - plane? A) B) C) D) x g ( x ) x g ( x ) . y = g ( x ) CONTINUE 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 37 6 T he f unction is defined by Which of the following is the graph of in the xy - plane? A) B) C) D) 7 If is a solution to the syst em of equations above, what is the value of ? A) – 3 B) – 24 C) – 48 D) – 96 8 In the xy - plane, line contains the point and has slope 2. Which of the following is a n equation of line ? A) B) C) D) ff ( x ) = 3 x + 2 . y = f ( x ) − 3 x = y ( 5 x + y ) 2 = 6 4 ( x , y ) x y ℓ ( 1 , 3 ) ℓ y = 3 x + 2 y = 2 x + 3 y = 2 x + 1 y = x + 2 CONTINUE 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 38 9 How many different values of satisfy the equation abo ve? A) None B) One C) Tw o D) More than two 10 In the xy - plane, the graph of a linear inequality contains the points and Which of the foll owing could be the inequality? A) B) C) D) 11 For the given function which of the fol lo wing equivalent forms shows the y - coordinate of the y - intercept of the graph of in the xy - plane as a constant or coefficient? A) B) C) D) 1 0 − 3 ( x + 2 ) = 3 x + 4 x ( 0 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) , ( 4 , 0 ) . y ≤ − 12 x + 2 y ≥ − 12 x + 2 y ≤ − 2 x + 4 y ≥ − 2 x + 4 g ( x ) = 15 ( 5 ) x + 4 g , y = g ( x ) g ( x ) = 1 2 5 ( 5 ) x g ( x ) = 2 5 ( 5 ) x + 1 g ( x ) = 5 ( 5 ) x + 2 g ( x ) = ( 5 ) x + 3 CONTINUE 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 39 12 Springs are made from different numbers o f coils. Each spring is hung vertically with one end attached to a rod, and each spring stretches from its own weight. The total leng th, in centimeters (cm), of each hanging spring is recorded, as shown in the graph. A parabola that models the data is also shown. Which of the following functions best models the recorded length, in centimeters, of a spring as a function of the number of coils, in the spring, where ? A) B) C) D) 13 A scholarship program increases the total value of scholar ships awarded each year by 7% of the total value awarded the previous year. For the third year of the program, the total value of scholarships awarded was $750,000. Which of the following equations best models the total value of scholarships awarded, in do llars, in the n th year of the scholarship program? A) B) C) D) P n , 5 ≤ n ≤ 7 5 P ( n ) = n 2 + 4 . 3 P ( n ) = n 2 − 0 . 3 n + 4 . 3 P ( n ) = 0 . 2 4 n 2 + 4 . 3 P ( n ) = 0 . 0 2 4 n 2 − 0 . 3 n + 4 . 3 y = 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 7 ) n y = 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 ( 1 . 0 7 ) n y = 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 7 ) n − 3 y = 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 ( 1 . 0 7 ) n − 3 CONTINUE 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 40 CONTINUE 3 3 Question-and-Answer Service April QAS 4/9/19 2/3 Acceptable ways to grid are: 23 .666 .667 Answer: 712 312 123 123 Answer: 2.5 Fraction line 7/12 2 . 5 201 201 Answer: 201 – either position is correct NOTE: Yo u m a y s t a r t y o u r answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don’t need to use should be left blank. For questions 16-20 , solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as described below, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, it is suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you !ll in the bubbles accurately. You will receive credit only if the bubbles are !lled in correctly. 2. Mark no more than one bubble in any column. 3. No question has a negative answer. 4. Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer. 5. Mixed numbers such as must be gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If is entered into the grid, it will be interpreted as , not .) 6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must !ll the entire grid. 31 /2 Grid inresult. Write answer in boxes. Decimal point 33 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 39 For questions 14 - 17 ,

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 41 14 In 1947, milk cost $0.75 per gallon and bananas cost $0.15 per pou nd. Donna bought two gallons of milk and some bananas for a total of $2.25 in 1947. How many pounds of bananas did she buy? 15 What is one possible positive value of that satisfies the given equation ? 16 Tr i a n g l e RST is congruent to triangle XY Z , where corresponds to and corresponds to If the measure of is 28 ° and the measure o f is 5 4° , what is the measure of ? (Disregard the degree symbol when gridding your answer.) 17 I f is the solution to the system of equations above, what is the value of ? e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. ( x − 4 ) ( x − 5 ) ( x + 3 ) = 0 x∠ R ∠ X ∠ S ∠ Y . ∠ R ∠ S ∠ Z 4 x − 5 y = 2 4 x − 2 y = 3 ( x , y ) x 3 3

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 42 Math Test – Calculator 45 MINUTES, 31 QUESTIONS Turn to S e ction 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. e54zvcm33h7s66m9842n7w6ig2xyc2 CONTINUE

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Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 43 1 The ratio of to 40 is 1 to 2. What is the value of ? A) 1 B) 10 C) 20 D) 80 2 The length of line segment AB is 380. The le n gth of line segment CD is 95% of the length of line segment AB . What is the length o f line segment CD ? A) 285 B) 361 C) 380 D) 400 3 What is the perimeter of the rectangle shown? A) 15 B) 25 C) 30 D) 50 4 Which of the following lengths, in centimet er s (cm), is closest to 17.25 inches? (1 inch = 2.54 cm) A) 0.15 cm B) 6.79 cm C) 19.79 cm D) 43.82 cm jj CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 44 5 In the given system of equations, is a constant. If the system has infinitely many soluti on s, what is the value of ? A) 3 B) 6 C) 12 D) 18 6 Type A Type B Total Batch 1 30 15 45 Batch 2 20 40 60 Batch 3 20 25 45 Total 70 80 150 The table shows the batch number and type of item for 150 items. If an i te m from batch 2 is selected at random, what is the probability that the item is type A? A) B) C) D) 7 The fun ct ion gives the number of green algae growing in a beaker, where represents the amoun t of time, in hours, since the algae were placed in the beaker. What amount of time, in hours, is needed for the nu mb er of green algae in the beaker to double? A) 0.5 B) 1.0 C) 2.0 D) 4.0 8 The table shows the undergraduate enrollments of two colleges for 4 years. Undergraduate Enrollment Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 C ollege A 16,500 16,900 17,300 19,500 College B 1 6,500 17,400 17,800 18,500 Based on the data, which of the following is true about the undergraduate enrollments of College A and College B during these 4 years? A) The range of the undergraduate enrollment of College A is less than the range of the under gradu ate enrollment of Colle ge B. B) The range of the undergraduate enrollment of College A is equal to the range of the undergraduate enrollment of College B. C) The mean undergraduate enrollment of College A is less than the mean undergraduate enrollment of C ollege B. D) The mean u ndergraduate enrollment of College A is equal to the mean undergraduate enrollment of College B. 2 x + 4 y = 1 2 3 x + 6 y = b bb 2 0 4 0 2 0 6 0 2 0 7 0 2 0 1 5 0 g ( t ) = 1 0 , 0 0 0 ( 2 ) t2 g t CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 45 9 A ccording to a NASA study of satellite data, the mass of the Antarctic ice sheet increased by 112 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2001. For these years, which of the following types of functions best models the mass, in tons, of the Antarctic ice sheet as a function of time, in years? A) Increasing linear B) Decreasing linear C) Increasing exponential D) Decreasing expon entia l 10 The total length, in miles, of paved roads in a certain town was measured every five years. The resulting data are show n in the scatterplot. In 1970, a civil engineer predicted that the existing length of the town’s paved roads, 25 miles, would incr ease by 10 miles every 5 years. Which of the following is closest to the difference between the civil engineer’s predicted length of paved roads in 2015 and the measured length of paved roads in 2015 shown in the scatterplot? A) 20 B) 40 C) 60 D) 100 CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 46 11 4 8 12 20 24 1 4 9 25 36 For the function the table above shows several values of and their corresponding values of where is the area, in square inches, of a square with perimeter in inches. Which of the following equations defines ? A) B) C) D) 12 Timothy can paint of a wall in 1 hour. Jean can paint of the same wall in 1 hour. If Timothy and Jean, workin g togeth er at their respective rates, can paint the entire wall in hours, which of the following equations repr esents this situation? A) B) C) D) 13 The figure above shows the distances from Tom’s house and from Patty’s house to the school on Carver Road. It takes Tom and Patty the same amount of time to arrive at school from their respective homes. Tom rides his bik e from h is house to school along Carver Road at an average rate of miles per hour, and Patty rides a bus from her house to school along Carver Road at an average rate of miles per hour. What is in terms of ? A) B) C) D) 14 The graphs in the xy - plane of t he two equations above have how many points of intersection? A) None B) One C) Tw o D) Three p f ( p ) f , p f ( p ) , f ( p ) p , ff ( p ) = 1 6 p 2 f ( p ) = 4 p 2 f ( p ) = p 2 4 f ( p ) = p 2 1 6 2713 t 27 t + 13 t = 1 27 t + 13 = 1 27 + 13 t = 1 27 + 13 = t t p t p13 p 1 2 7 p 3 p 9 p y = x 2 − 1 4 = x + y CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 47 Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following information. Facts about Four Planets Planet Mean distance from the Sun (m illions of kilometers) Surface gra vity as a p ercentage of Earth’s gravity Mercury 57.9 37.8 % Venus 108.2 90.7% Earth 149.6 100.0% Mars 227.9 37.7% The table lists four planets and gives their mean distances from the Sun, in millions of kilometers, a nd their su rface gravities as percentages of Earth’s surface gravity. The gravity at Earth’s surface, also called the acceleration due to gravity, is 9.8 meters per second per second For an object with mass kilo grams (kg), the weight in newtons (N), of the object on a planet’s surface can be found using the equation where i s the acceleration due to gravity, in meters pe r second pe r second, at the planet’s surface. If an object is moved from one planet to another, the object’s mass does not change but its weight does. 15 The mean distance of Mars from the Sun is times the mean distance of Mercu ry from the Sun. Which of the following is closest to the value of ? A) 0.254 B) 0.394 C) 2.54 D) 3.94 16 If Jing would weigh 200 N on the surface of Mars, which of the following is closest to what her wei ght would be on the surf ace of Venus? A) 80 N B) 180 N C) 480 N D) 530 N













       
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$0/5*/6&  ( 1 m i l l i o n = 1 × 1 0 6 ) ( m / s 2 ) . mw , w = m a , akk Question-and-Answer Service April QAS 4/9/19 Questions 12-14 refer to the following information. For gym class, Shayla completed a 4-mile walking and running exercise. She ran for t7 miles and she walked for ! "### $ %&&&t 3 13 15 ! miles, where tis the total amount of time, in hours, Shayla spent running. The equation ! "### $ %&&& tt7+3 13 15 ! =4 models this situation. 12 Which of the following is the best interpretation of the value 7 in the equation that models this situation? A) Shayla walked at a speed of 7 miles per hour. B) Shayla ran at a speed of 7 miles per hour. C) Shayla walked for 7 minutes. D) Shayla ran for 7 minutes. 13 What is the value of tin the equation that models this situation? A) 7 50 B) 7 20 C) 31 60 D) 13 15 14 What was the total distance that Shayla spent walking and running, in kilometers? (Use 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers) A) 0.40 B) 4.00 C) 6.44 D) 10.53 44 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ................................................. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 45 CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 48 Questions 1 7 and 1 8 refer to the following information. Both the density and the specific heat of a substance can change based on the temperature of the substance. Density is mass per unit volume, and specific heat is the amount of heat, in kilojoules (kJ), required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by 1°C. The equation models the relationship between temperature and density of ice (frozen water), w here is the temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C), and is the density, in kilograms per cubic meter The line shown in the graph models the relationship between temperature and the specific heat of ice. 17 Based on the graph, which of the following is the best approximation of the slope of the line that models the relationship between temperature and the specific heat of ice? A) – 2.078 B) – 0.007 C) 0.007 D) 2.078 18 A p iece of ice has a density of Based on the graph, which of the following is closest to the specific heat of this piece of ice? A) 1.4 kJ/kg°C B ) 1. 9 kJ/kg°C C) 2.1 kJ/kg°C D) 2 .4 kJ/kg°C 19 A line of best fit will be drawn for the data in the scatterplot shown. Which of the following is true about the slope of the line? A) B) C) D)













       
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$0/5*/6&  d = − 0 . 0 8 x + 9 1 8 x d( k g / m 3 ) . 9 2 0 . 4 ( k g / m 3 ) . Question-and-Answer Service April QAS 4/9/19 Questions 12-14 refer to the following information. For gym class, Shayla completed a 4-mile walking and running exercise. She ran for t7 miles and she walked for ! "### $ %&&&t 3 13 15 ! miles, where tis the total amount of time, in hours, Shayla spent running. The equation ! "### $ %&&& tt7+3 13 15 ! =4 models this situation. 12 Which of the following is the best interpretation of the value 7 in the equation that models this situation? A) Shayla walked at a speed of 7 miles per hour. B) Shayla ran at a speed of 7 miles per hour. C) Shayla walked for 7 minutes. D) Shayla ran for 7 minutes. 13 What is the value of tin the equation that models this situation? A) 7 50 B) 7 20 C) 31 60 D) 13 15 14 What was the total distance that Shayla spent walking and running, in kilometers? (Use 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers) A) 0.40 B) 4.00 C) 6.44 D) 10.53 44 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ................................................. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 45 m − 1 < m < 0 0 < m < 1 1 < m < 2 2 < m < 3 CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 49 20 If what is the value of ? A) 0 B) 0.5 C) 1.5 D) 3 21 The lengths of the sides of a rectangle are and where The sum of the lengths of the two shorter sides and one of the longer sides of the rectangle is 36. What value of maximizes the area of the rectangle? A) 9 B) 12 C) 18 D) 24 22 Data set X: 2, 3, 5, 5, 8 Data set Y: 4, 4, 5, 7, 8 Two data sets are shown. If a number is selected at random from data set X, what is the probability that the selected number is also a number in data set Y? A) B ) C) D) 2 x − 1 = 5 − 2 x , 2 x ab , a > b . a 15 2535 45 CONTINUE 4 4

Unauthoriz ed copying or reuse of any p art of this page is illegal . 50 Questions 23 and 24 refer to the following information. At a s cience mus eum, a rob otics club hosted a fund raising event for no more than 650 people. The cl ub sold member tickets and nonmember tickets. Member tickets sold for $20 each and nonmember tickets sold for $40 each. The cost to rent the museum for the event was a flat fee of $3,000 plus $12.50 per ticket sold. The equation shown gives the total p rofit in dollars, earned from selling tickets to the event. 23 The robotics club made a total profit of $8,125 from selling tickets to the event. If 200 member tickets were sold, how many nonmember tickets were sold? A) 450 B) 350 C) 240 D) 131 24 What is the best interpretation o f the term in this context? A) The cost per member ticket sold B) The total cost for all member tickets sold C) The increase in the total profit for every additi onal member ticket sold D) The incr ease in the total profit for all member tickets sold 25 If which of the following could be the value of ? A) –1 B) –3 C) –4 D) –5













       
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$0/5*/6&  x y P, P=(20−12.50)x+(40−12.50)y−3,000 (20−12.50) Question-and-Answer Service April QAS 4/9/19 Questions 12-14 refer to the following information. For gym class, Shayla completed a 4-mile walking and running exercise. She ran for t7 miles and she walked for ! "### $ % &&&t 3 13 15 ! miles, where tis the total amount of time, in hours, Shayla spent running. The equation ! "### $ % &&& tt7+3 13 15 ! =4 models this situation. 12 Which of the following is the best interpretation of the value 7 in the equation that models this situation? A) Shayla walked at a speed of 7 miles per hour. B) Shayla ran at a speed of 7 miles per hour. C) Shayla walked for 7 minutes. D) Shayla ran for 7 minutes. 13 What is the value of tin the equation that models this situation? A) 7 50 B) 7 20 C) 31 60 D) 13 15 14 What was the total distance that Shayla spent walking and running, in kilometers? (Use 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers) A) 0.40 B) 4.00 C) 6.44 D) 10.53 44 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ................................................. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE 45 (x−2)2+5(x−2)=−6, x−2 CONTINUE 4 4

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